ECF Osmolarity •Osmolarity= solutes concentration/ volume of ECF•Normal value= 300mOsml/L•Closely linked with sodium concentration•Plasma sodium concentration is 140-145mEq/L•Osmolarity of ECF depends upon–Intake —thirst–Output —Renal excretion of water—–GF, tubular reabsorption •Plasma…
Objectives By the end of session students should be able to discuss the:•Formation of dilute urine•Formation of concentrated urine–Counter current multiplier mechanism–Urea recycling–Counter current exchange mechanism•Osmolar& free water clearance•Applied physiology…
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Injuries of Hip Bone Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga Dislocated Epiphysis of Femoral Head Femoral Fractures Fracture at Upper end of Femur: 1. Subcapital: Fracture at the junction of head…
1. Gluteal region (buttocks) is the transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs. It is posterolateral region between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold, that defines the…