Course Contents Course Contents Section 1 HEAD AND NECK Topographic Anatomy 1 Superficial Head and Neck 2–3 Bones and Ligaments 4–23 Superficial Face 24–25 Neck 26–34 Nasal Region 35–55 Oral ...
The nasal bones are two small, rectangular-shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose, helping to shape the upper part of the nasal cavity. Here are some key points ...
The ethmoid bone is a small, complex cranial bone located between the eyes, anterior to the sphenoid bone and posterior to the nasal bones. It plays a central role in ...
The sphenoid bone is a complex cranial bone located at the base of the skull, within the central region. It has a distinctive shape and several important features. Here’s an ...
The occipital bone is a cranial bone that forms the posterior part of the skull and surrounds the back and base of the brain. Here are some key features and ...
The temporal bones are a pair of bones located on each side of the skull, and they are crucial components of the human cranial skeleton. There is one temporal bone ...
The parietal bones are a pair of flat, curved bones located on the top and sides of the human skull. There are two parietal bones in the cranium, one on ...
The frontal bone is a flat, curved bone that forms the front part of the human skull. It is one of the bones that make up the neurocranium, which is ...
Facial compartment of the Thigh Posterior Compartment of the Thigh Muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh Hamstring Anatomy Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus & Semi membranous
Contusions (Bruises) Iliac Crest Contusion Paralysis of Quadriceps Muscles Quadriceps Gait TRANSPLANTATION OF GRACILIS Sciatic Nerve Injury Common Iliac Artery and its Branches (Male)
GENERAL GENERALLoad on cephalic vein reduced bybasilic vein through Median cubital vein& partly perforating deep vein. Superficial veins accompanied bycutaneous nerves & superficial lymphatics.Superficial veins best utilized for i.v injections. ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Elucidate the salient features of skin of palm and dorsum of hand and discuss its cutaneous innervation Analyze clinical importance of spaces of palm, forearm space of ...
Tibiofibular joints Tibiofibular joints The three articulations are between tibia and fibula 1.The superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint – between the superior ends of tibia and fibula 2.The inferior (distal) tibiofibular ...
Learning Objectives: •By the end of this session the students should be able to: Body Cavities THE PRIMITIVE COELOM Originally the coelom of the animals was used as a temporary ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Enlist superficial and deep muscles of anterior and posterior fascial compartments of forearm• Trace the course of nerves and arteries present in this region• Enlist the boundaries of ...
Objectives: By the end of this session, you should be able to :1.ExplainFetalCirculationwithspecialreferencetodifferentshunts2.Enumeratethesitesinthefetuswheremixingofoxygenated&deoxygenatedbloodoccur3.ExplainNeonatalcirculationandidentifytheChangesinfetalcirculationafterbirthwhichinclude:•Stoppage of placental blood flow•Beginning of respiration•Closure of prenatal shunts•Closure of ductus arteriosus•Closure of foramen ovale•Closure of ductus ...
Learning Objectives By the end of this session, you should be able to: Define the terms: Euploid, Aneuploid, Polypoid,Diploid, Monosomy, Trisomy Define nondisjunction & explain its consequences Explain mosaicism ...
Define teratology & teratogenesis Enumerate types of birth abnormalities & defineeach of them with at least one example Summarize principles of teratology Classify teratogens with associated humanmalformations in tabulated ...
Learning Objectives: § By the end of this 55 min session, you should be able to: ú Identify the sources of muscular tissue ú Describe the histogenesis of skeletal, cardiac ...
Specific Learning Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to: BEGINNING OF IMPLANTATION Factors causing Implantation Failure START OF IMPLANTATION (D 6 – 6 ½) Interstitial ...
Specific Learning Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) In vitro fertilization IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) involves the ...
Learning Outcome At the end of this block, students should be able to: Specific learning objectives: By the end of this session, students should be able to: Problem: ...
Specific learning objectives: 01-2020 By the end of this session, you should be able to:Describe the maturation of oocytes at pubertyDescribe the stages of follicular maturation OOGENESIS Postnatal Maturation Of ...
Specific learning objectives: By the end of this session you should be able to: Spermiogenesis refers to the differentiative process by which spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa.The main features of ...
Specific learning objectives: By the end of this session you should be able to: (1) Prenatal development, i.e., development before birth, and (2) Postnatal development, i.e., development after birth. TRIMESTERS ...
Bones of foot •The bones of the foot include the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges. There are 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 14 phalanges Bones of foot •Tarsus: made ...
Learning objectives Sole of Foot Muscles of the Sole Muscles of foot Arteries of the Sole Arteries of the Sole Arteries of foot Veins & Nerves of Sole Nerves ...
Ankle Joint Articulating Surfaces Stability OF THE ANKLE JOINT Ligaments of ankle joint Ankle Joint Movements of Ankle Joint Relations of Ankle Joint Joints of Foot Clinical it is a ...
Learning Objectives Movements of the knee joint ●Flexion – limited by compression against the thigh; produced by Hamstrings & short head of Biceps ●Extension produced by Quadriceps Femoris ●Medial Rotation; ...
Learning Objectives •Describe the articulation, type, capsule, ligaments, synovial membrane, nerve supply, blood supply, relations, and movements related to the knee joint •Bursae related to knee joint and point out ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES •Tabulate the attachments , nerve supply and actions of muscles attaching the scapula with the humerus •Tabulate the attachments, nerve supply and actions of muscles attaching upper limb ...
Injuries of Hip Bone Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga Dislocated Epiphysis of Femoral Head Femoral Fractures Fracture at Upper end of Femur: 1. Subcapital: Fracture at the junction of head ...
1. Gluteal region (buttocks) is the transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs. It is posterolateral region between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold, that defines the ...
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Table of Contents Section One: Fuel MetabolismChapter 1: Metabolic Fuels and Dietary ComponentsChapter 2: The Fed or Absorptive StateChapter 3: FastingSection Two: Chemical and Biological Foundations of BiochemistryChapter 4: Water, ...
Table of ContentsSection One: Fuel MetabolismChapter 1: Metabolic Fuels and Dietary ComponentsChapter 2: The Fed or Absorptive StateChapter 3: FastingSection Two: Chemical and Biological Foundations of BiochemistryChapter 4: Water, Acids, ...
Learning Outcomes Carbohydrates What are Carbohydrates? Note: Not all carbohydrates contain exactly 2:1 ratio of H:O as of water, and is true for only the basic units of carbohydrates. Define ...
Learning Outcomes Bioenergetics Free Energy Change (ΔG) Free Energy Change Vs Standard Free Energy Change Exergonic Reaction Occurs Spontaneously Energy is released Endergonic Reaction Does not occur spontaneously Need energy ...
Definition of Proteins Proteins are the nitrogenous compounds made of a variable numbers of amino acid residues joined to each other by a covalent bond called peptide linkage. Biomedical importance ...
Definition of Proteins Proteins Biomedical importance Proteins are built from a repertoire of 20 amino acids At its Isoelectric pH (pI), an Amino Acid Bears No Net Charge Classification of ...
At the end of the session, the student should be able : To understand the structure functions Classification biochemical significance Deficiency manifestations excess manifestations clinical importance
Lipids PowerPoint Slideshow Cognisance of lipid, their classification and significance in life processes. Understanding of physical and chemical properties of oils and fat. Drawing the structure of fatty acids. ...
ENZYMES Biochemistry PowerPoint Slideshow Enzymes are biological catalysts Catalysts are substances that increase the speed of a chemical reaction, it is not permananetly changes, nor it does it cause the ...
Learning objectives: At the end of this presentation, all the students should be able to: The descending pathways are those routes through which motor signals are sent from brain to ...
Learning objectives: At the end of this presentation, all the students should be able to: Identify the various pathways for transmission of signals for voluntary motor control from the motor ...
“Reward & Punishment” Function of the Limbic System Reward centers Potent reward centers are found; Punishment Centers Potent punishment centers: In the central gray area surrounding the aqueduct ofsylvius in ...
Learning objectives: Expression of thought by production of articulate sound, bearing a definite meaning called speech. When sound produced verbally called speech. If it expressed by visual symbol known as ...
Equilibrium – Balance Static equilibrium – maintenance of body posture relative to gravity while the body is still. Dynamic equilibrium – maintenance of the body posture (mainly the head) in ...
DEFINITIONS: TYPES OF SLEEP: During each night, a person goes through stages of two types of sleepthat alternate with each other. (1) Slow-wave sleep, in which the brain waves are ...
Why seizures??? Types Of Epilepsy: 1.Grand Mal Epilepsy Causes Of Grand Mal Epilepsy: What initiates Grand Mal epilepsy: Areas involved: What happens during a Grand Mal Attack? Sign And Symptoms ...
Learning Objectives By the end of lecture student should be able to:◈ Explain properties of CSF◈ Comment on composition and formation of CSF◈ Explain the circulation and absorption of CSF◈ ...
Learning Objectives Ossicles Impedance Matching Impedance: Resistance offered by a medium fortransmission of sound. Impedance Matching The amplitude of movement of the stapes faceplate with each sound vibrationis only three ...
Learning Objectives Review Impedance matching? Attenuation reflex. What is the sensory organ of hearing? How does organ of corti work? What is the role of tectorial membrane in organ of ...
Sense of Taste (gustation) Taste-Primary(Elementary) Sensations Taste-Primary(Elementary) Sensations Taste Thresholds Taste Blindness Some people are taste blind for certain substances especially for different types of thiourea compounds.Phenylthiocarbamide is the compound ...
Flashes and Floaters Introduction The Fovea Centralis The Fovea Centralis Peripheral Retina The Rods and Cones sensitive pigments. Structure of Rod/Cone • The light-sensitive photochemical is found in the outer ...
Visual Pathway in Retina Neurotransmitters Signal Transmission in Retina Photoreceptors Horizontal cells Bipolar Cells Amacrine Cells Ganglion cells W cells X Cells Y cells P and M cells Ganglion cells ...
Learning Outcomes By the end of lecture students should be able to: Special Senses Vision Introduction 300,000:200,000 1:0.50 Refraction Components of the Eye’s Optical System Lenses •Convex lens •Concave lens ...
Learning Outcomes By the end of lecture students should be able to: Optics of eye Refractive Index Definition Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changesrefractive power by altering ...
RHODOPSIN VISUAL CYCLE EXCITATION OF RODS IN DARK IN LIGHT SUMMARY DURATION OF THE RECEPTOR POTENTIAL PHOTOTRANSDUCTION PHOTOTRANSDUCTION PRINCIPAL STEPS IN PHOTOTRANSDUCTION
RETINA Light sensitive portion of the eye Contains cones for color vision Contains rods for night vision Contains neural architecture Light must pass through the neural elements tostrike The ...
Muscular Movements Of Eye Fixation Movements Voluntary fixation movements Involuntary fixation movements Saccidic Movements Pursuit Movement Superior Colliculi Analysis Of Visual Information Analysis of visual color and detail Analysis of ...
Introduction Optic Nerve Optic Chiasma Optic Tract Also terminates Lateral Geniculate Body Visual Cortex Optic Pathway Visual Defects Optic Pathway Defects A. Lesion of left optic nerve: Total blindness of ...
Physics of Light Light:Electromagnetic energy whose wavelength isbetween 400 nm and 700 nm COLOR Visual description of an observer by which he distinguishes two fields of same size,shape ...
Introduction •Cells of the body require specific conditions tosurvive and function•Maintenance of body conditions in a stablesteady state is called homeostasis Chemical Messengers Chemical messenger systems regulates multiple activities oftissues: ...
Physiology of Bone Composition of Bone 1) Organic matrix 30% A. Collagen fibers 90 to 95% B. Ground substance (homogeneous gelatinous medium) Extracellular fluid Proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid) ...
Learning Objectives At the end of the lecture all the students should be able to: Adrenal Glands Zona Glomerulosa Mineralocorticoids Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis Overlap in the secretions of androgens ...
Learning Objectives At the end of the lecture all the students should be able to: Mineralocorticoids Why cortisol does not have much mineralocorticoid effects? Aldosterone A steroid hormone Essential for ...
Pancreas The islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and glucagon directly into the blood. Increased Blood Glucose Stimulates Insulin Secretion Factors That increase or decrease insulin secretion 1.Increase glucose uptake ...
Pancreas Pancreas secretes many hormones which are: The islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and glucagon directly into the blood EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON OTHER EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON Factors that play ...
Learning Objectives Solubility Coefficients Factor causing diffusion of gases in fluid Suppose diffusion co-efficient of O2 is 1. Composition of alveolar air Replacement of Alveolar Air Factors affecting Diffusion across ...
Learning Objectives: Oxygen Oxygen at tissue level Carbon dioxide at tissue level Carbon dioxide Transport of Oxygen Oxygen Transport Oxygen and hemoglobin Effect of exercise on Oxygen transport Utilization Coefficient
Contents 1.1 Introduction to Physiology 2 Physiology focuses on mechanisms of action. 2 Structure and function are inseparable. 2 1.2 Levels of Organization in the Body 2 The chemical level: ...
Course Contents xii ContentsV. Cardiac Cycle 83VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure 85VII. Microcirculation and Lymph 89VIII. Special Circulations 92IX. Integrative Functions of the Cardiovascular System: Gravity, Exercise,and Hemorrhage 95Review Test ...
Course Contents & Page Number UNIT I The Cell and General Physiology 1 Answers 3 UNIT II Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle 5 Answers 15 UNIT III The Heart 23 ...
Learning Objectives By the end of the session should be able to comprehend:•Defense mechanisms•Buffer and its types•Respiratory Control of acid base Imbalance•Regulation of H ions•Anion Gap Buffer Power •pH=pK•Most effective ...
Objectives By the end of session students should be able to discuss the:•Formation of dilute urine•Formation of concentrated urine–Counter current multiplier mechanism–Urea recycling–Counter current exchange mechanism•Osmolar& free water clearance•Applied physiology ...
Table of Contents: Intro: A View to the Future 1. Diagnosis 2. Radiographic Interpretation NEW! 3. Case Assessment and Treatment Planning 4. Pain Control NEW! 5. Tooth Morphology, Isolation, and ...
