The azygos venous system is a complex network of veins in the thoracic and abdominal regions that plays a crucial role in draining blood from the posterior wall of the…
The vagus nerves, also known as the tenth cranial nerves, are a pair of important nerves that play a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system. In the thorax, the…
Chylothorax is a condition characterized by the accumulation of chyle, a milky lymphatic fluid rich in triglycerides, within the pleural cavity. It occurs when there is leakage or disruption of…
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body, responsible for draining lymph from a significant portion of the body and returning it to the venous circulation.…
The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta that descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities, giving rise to various branches along its course. It begins at the aortic…
Boundaries of the Posterior Mediastinum: General Topography of the Posterior Mediastinum: Clinical Significance: Understanding the boundaries and general topography of the posterior mediastinum is essential for clinicians, particularly in the…
The posterior mediastinum contains various structures, including the esophagus, thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, azygos and hemiazygos veins, sympathetic trunks, vagus nerves, and thoracic splanchnic nerves. Here is a more detailed…
The posterior mediastinum is a subdivision of the mediastinum, the central compartment within the thoracic cavity. It is located posterior to the pericardium and heart, extending from the posterior surface…
The anterior mediastinum is a subdivision of the mediastinum, located between the sternum and the pericardium. It is characterized by its proximity to the anterior chest wall. The contents of…
The mediastinum is a central compartment within the thoracic cavity, and its boundaries are defined by various structures. The structures forming the boundaries of the mediastinum include bony structures, the…