Contents

S E C T I O N I Structures & Functions of Proteins & Enzymes 1

1 Biochemistry & Medicine 1
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
2 Water & pH 6
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
3 Amino Acids & Peptides 15
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
4 Proteins: Determination o Primary
Structure 24
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
5 Proteins: Higher Orders o Structure 34
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD

E C T I O N II Enzymes: Kinetics, Mechanism, Regulation, & Role of Transition Metals 49

6 Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin 49
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
7 Enzymes: Mechanism o Action 59
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
8 Enzymes: Kinetics 71
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
9 Enzymes: Regulation o Activities 85
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD

S E C T I O N III Bioenergetics 109

11 Bioenergetics: The Role o ATP 109
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
12 Biologic Oxidation 115
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
13 The Respiratory Chain & Oxidative
Phosphorylation 121
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc

S E C T I O N IV Metabolism of Carbohydrates 133

14 Overview o Metabolism & the Provision o
Metabolic Fuels 133
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD
15 Saccharides (ie, Carbohydrates) o
Physiological Signicance 147
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD
16 The Citric Acid Cycle: A Pathway Central
to Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Amino Acid
Metabolism 156 17 Glycolysis & the Oxidation o Pyruvate 163
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD
18 Metabolism o Glycogen 171
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD
19 Gluconeogenesis & the Control o
Blood Glucose 180
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD
20 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway & Other
Pathways o Hexose Metabolism 191
Owen P. McGuinness, PhD

S E C T I O N V Metabolism of Lipids 205

21 Lipids o Physiologic Signifcance 205
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
22 Oxidation o Fatty Acids: Ketogenesis 217
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
23 Biosynthesis o Fatty Acids &
Eicosanoids 226
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
24 Metabolism o Acylglycerols &
Sphingolipids 239
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
25 Lipid Transport & Storage 247
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
26 Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport, &
Excretion 259
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc

S E C T I O N VI Metabolism of Proteins & Amino Acids 273

27 Biosynthesis o the Nutritionally
Nonessential Amino Acids 273
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
28 Catabolism o Proteins & o Amino Acid
Nitrogen 279
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
29 Catabolism o the Carbon Skeletons o
Amino Acids 290
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
30 Conversion o Amino Acids to Specialized
Products 306
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
31 Porphyrins & Bile Pigments 315
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD

S E C T I O N VII Structure, Function, & Replication of Informational Macromolecules 329

32 Nucleotides 329
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
33 Metabolism o Purine & Pyrimidine
Nucleotides 337
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
34 Nucleic Acid Structure & Function 348
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
35 DNA Organization, Replication, &
Repair 360
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
36 RNA Synthesis, Processing, &
Modication 384
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
37 Protein Synthesis & the Genetic Code 404
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
38 Regulation o Gene Expression 420
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
39 Molecular Genetics, Recombinant DNA, &
Genomic Technology 444
P. Anthony Weil, PhD

S E C T I O N VIII Biochemistry of Extracellular & Intracellular Communication 467

40 Membranes: Structure &
Function 467
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
41 The Diversity o the Endocrine
System 488
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
42 Hormone Action & Signal
Transduction 508
P. Anthony Weil, PhD

S E C T I O N IX Special Topics (A) 527

43 Nutrition, Digestion, &
Absorption 527
David A. Bender, PhD
44 Micronutrients: Vitamins &
Minerals 535
David A. Bender, PhD
45 Free Radicals & Antioxidant
Nutrients 549
David A. Bender, PhD
46 Glycoproteins 554
David A. Bender, PhD
47 Metabolism o Xenobiotics 564
David A. Bender, PhD & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
48 Clinical Biochemistry 568
David A. Bender, PhD

S E C T I O N X Special Topics (B) 581

49 Intracellular Trafc & Sorting o Proteins 581
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
50 The Extracellular Matrix 599
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc, & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
51 Muscle & the Cytoskeleton 618
January D. Haile, PhD, & Peter J. Kennelly, PhD
52 Plasma Proteins & Immunoglobulins 634
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD
53 Red Blood Cells 653
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD
54 White Blood Cells 664
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD

E C T I O N XI Special Topics (C) 677

55 Hemostasis & Thrombosis 677
Peter L. Gross, MD, MSc, FRCP(C),
P. Anthony Weil, PhD, & Margaret L. Rand, PhD
56 Cancer: An Overview 689
Molly Jacob, MD, PhD, MNASc, FRCPath,
Joe Varghese, MD, PhD, & P. Anthony Weil, PhD
57 The Biochemistry o Aging 717
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD
58 Biochemical Case Histories 729
David A. Bender, PhD
The Answer Bank 741
Index 745

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