Content

1. Cover
2. Nav
3. Cover
4. Title Page
5. Copyright Page
6. Contents
7. Contributors
8. Preface
9. Harrison’s Related Resources
10. PART 1 The Profession of Medicine
11. 1 The Practice of Medicine
12. 2 Promoting Good Health
13. 3 Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
14. 4 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
15. 5 Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
16. 6 Screening and Prevention of Disease
17. 7 Global Diversity of Health System Financing and Delivery
18. 8 The Safety and Quality of Health Care
19. 9 Diagnosis: Reducing Errors and Improving Quality
20. 10 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
21. 11 Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
22. 12 Palliative and End-of-Life Care
23. PART 2 Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases
24. SECTION 1 Pain
25. 13 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management
26. 14 Chest Discomfort
27. 15 Abdominal Pain
28. 16 Headache
29. 17 Back and Neck Pain
30. SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature

1. 18 Fever
2. 19 Fever and Rash
3. 20 Fever of Unknown Origin
4. SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction
5. 21 Syncope
6. 22 Dizziness and Vertigo
7. 23 Fatigue
8. 24 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis
9. 25 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
10. 26 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls
11. 27 Confusion and Delirium
12. 28 Coma
13. 29 Dementia
14. 30 Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Cognitive
    Disorders
15. 31 Sleep Disorders
16. SECTION 4 Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
17. 32 Disorders of the Eye
18. 33 Disorders of Smell and Taste
19. 34 Disorders of Hearing
20. 35 Upper Respiratory Symptoms, Including Earache,
    Sinus Symptoms, and Sore Throat
21. 36 Oral Manifestations of Disease
22. SECTION 5 Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory
    Functions
23. 37 Dyspnea
24. 38 Cough
25. 39 Hemoptysis
26. 40 Hypoxia and Cyanosis
27. 41 Edema
28. 42 Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur
29. 43 Palpitations
30. SECTION 6 Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function
31. 44 Dysphagia
32. 45 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
33. 46 Diarrhea and Constipation
34. 47 Unintentional Weight Loss

5. 48 Gastrointestinal Bleeding
6. 49 Jaundice
7. 50 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites
8. SECTION 7 Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function
9. 51 Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
10. 52 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
11. 53 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
12. 54 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
13. 55 Acidosis and Alkalosis
14. SECTION 8 Alterations in the Skin
15. 56 Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder
16. 57 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne,
    and Other Common Skin Disorders
17. 58 Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
18. 59 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases
19. 60 Cutaneous Drug Reactions
20. 61 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Sunlight
21. SECTION 9 Hematologic Alterations
22. 62 Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears
23. 63 Anemia and Polycythemia
24. 64 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
25. 65 Bleeding and Thrombosis
26. 66 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen
27. PART 3 Pharmacology
28. 67 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
29. 68 Pharmacogenomics
30. PART 4 Oncology and Hematology
31. SECTION 1 Neoplastic Disorders
32. 69 Approach to the Patient with Cancer
33. 70 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
34. 71 Cancer Genetics
35. 72 Cancer Cell Biology
36. 73 Principles of Cancer Treatment
37. 74 Infections in Patients with Cancer
38. 75 Oncologic Emergencies
39. 76 Cancer of the Skin
40. 77 Head and Neck Cancer

10. 78 Neoplasms of the Lung
11. 79 Breast Cancer
12. 80 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
13. 81 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers
14. 82 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree
15. 83 Pancreatic Cancer
16. 84 Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
17. 85 Renal Cell Carcinoma
18. 86 Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract
19. 87 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate
20. 88 Testicular Cancer
21. 89 Gynecologic Malignancies
22. 90 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous
    System
23. 91 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone
    Metastases
24. 92 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
25. 93 Paraneoplastic Syndromes:
    Endocrinologic/Hematologic
26. 94 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and
    Autoimmune Encephalitis
27. 95 Cancer Survivorship and the Long-Term Impact of
    Cancer and Its Treatment
28. SECTION 2 Hematopoietic Disorders
29. 96 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
30. 97 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative
    Anemias
31. 98 Disorders of Hemoglobin
32. 99 Megaloblastic Anemias
33. 100 Hemolytic Anemias
34. 101 Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
35. 102 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including
    Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia
36. 103 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative
    Neoplasms
37. 104 Acute Myeloid Leukemia
38. 105 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

11. 106 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
12. 107 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
13. 108 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
14. 109 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
15. 110 Less Common Lymphoid and Myeloid
    Malignancies
16. 111 Plasma Cell Disorders
17. 112 Amyloidosis
18. 113 Transfusion Therapy and Biology
19. 114 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
20. SECTION 3 Disorders of Hemostasis
21. 115 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall
22. 116 Coagulation Disorders
23. 117 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis
24. 118 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs
25. PART 5 Infectious Diseases
26. SECTION 1 Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases
27. 119 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease
28. 120 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
29. 121 Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease
30. 122 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient
31. 123 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use
32. 124 Health Recommendations for International Travel
33. 125 Climate Change and Infectious Disease
34. SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired
    Infections
35. 126 Pneumonia
36. 127 Lung Abscess
37. 128 Infective Endocarditis
38. 129 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues
39. 130 Infectious Arthritis
40. 131 Osteomyelitis
41. 132 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses
42. 133 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial
    Food Poisoning
43. 134 Clostridioides difficile Infection, Including
    Pseudomembranous Colitis

10. 135 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and
    Prostatitis
11. 136 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and
    Clinical Approach
12. 137 Encephalitis
13. 138 Acute Meningitis
14. 139 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
15. 140 Brain Abscess and Empyema
16. 141 Infectious Complications of Bites
17. SECTION 3 Clinical Syndromes: Health Care–Associated
    Infections
18. 142 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
19. 143 Infections in Transplant Recipients
20. SECTION 4 Therapy for Bacterial Diseases
21. 144 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections
22. 145 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
23. SECTION 5 Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
24. 146 Pneumococcal Infections
25. 147 Staphylococcal Infections
26. 148 Streptococcal Infections
27. 149 Enterococcal Infections
28. 150 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
29. 151 Listeria monocytogenes Infections
30. 152 Tetanus
31. 153 Botulism
32. 154 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
33. SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria
34. 155 Meningococcal Infections
35. 156 Gonococcal Infections
36. 157 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
37. 158 Infections Due to the HACEK Group and
    Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria
38. 159 Legionella Infections
39. 160 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
40. 161 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli
41. 162 Acinetobacter Infections
42. 163 Helicobacter pylori Infections

10. 164 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and
    Stenotrophomonas Species
11. 165 Salmonellosis
12. 166 Shigellosis
13. 167 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related
    Organisms
14. 168 Cholera and Other Vibrioses
15. 169 Brucellosis
16. 170 Tularemia
17. 171 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections
18. 172 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch
    Disease
19. 173 Donovanosis
20. SECTION 7 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections
21. 174 Nocardiosis
22. 175 Actinomycosis
23. 176 Whipple’s Disease
24. 177 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms
25. SECTION 8 Mycobacterial Diseases
26. 178 Tuberculosis
27. 179 Leprosy
28. 180 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
29. 181 Antimycobacterial Agents
30. SECTION 9 Spirochetal Diseases
31. 182 Syphilis
32. 183 Endemic Treponematoses
33. 184 Leptospirosis
34. 185 Relapsing Fever and Borrelia miyamotoi Disease
35. 186 Lyme Borreliosis
36. SECTION 10 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae,
    Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae
37. 187 Rickettsial Diseases
38. 188 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas
39. 189 Chlamydial Infections
40. SECTION 11 Viral Diseases: General Considerations
41. 190 Principles of Medical Virology

2. 191 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral
   Drugs
3. SECTION 12 Infections Due to DNA Viruses
4. 192 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
5. 193 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
6. 194 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious
   Mononucleosis
7. 195 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6,
   7, and 8
8. 196 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other
   Poxvirus Infections
9. 197 Parvovirus Infections
10. 198 Human Papillomavirus Infections
11. SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory
    Viruses
12. 199 Common Viral Respiratory Infections, Including
    COVID-19
13. 200 Influenza
14. SECTION 14 Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency
    Virus and Other Human Retroviruses
15. 201 The Human Retroviruses
16. 202 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS
    and Related Disorders
17. SECTION 15 Infections Due to RNA Viruses
18. 203 Viral Gastroenteritis
19. 204 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections
20. 205 Measles (Rubeola)
21. 206 Rubella (German Measles)
22. 207 Mumps
23. 208 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections
24. 209 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus
    Infections
25. 210 Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections
26. SECTION 16 Fungal Infections
27. 211 Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal
    Infections
28. 212 Histoplasmosis

3. 213 Coccidioidomycosis
4. 214 Blastomycosis
5. 215 Cryptococcosis
6. 216 Candidiasis
7. 217 Aspergillosis
8. 218 Mucormycosis
9. 219 Less Common Systemic Mycoses and Superficial
   Mycoses
10. 220 Pneumocystis Infections
11. SECTION 17 Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General
    Considerations
12. 221 Introduction to Parasitic Infections
13. 222 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections
14. SECTION 18 Protozoal Infections
15. 223 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae
16. 224 Malaria
17. 225 Babesiosis
18. 226 Leishmaniasis
19. 227 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis
20. 228 Toxoplasma Infections
21. 229 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis
22. SECTION 19 Helminthic Infections
23. 230 Introduction to Helminthic Infections
24. 231 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode
    Infections
25. 232 Intestinal Nematode Infections
26. 233 Filarial and Related Infections
27. 234 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections
28. 235 Cestode Infections
29. PART 6 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
30. SECTION 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders
31. 236 Approach to the Patient with Possible
    Cardiovascular Disease
32. 237 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System
33. 238 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
34. SECTION 2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders

1. 239 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular
   System
2. 240 Electrocardiography
3. 241 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography,
   Nuclear Cardiology, and Magnetic
   Resonance/Computed Tomography Imaging
4. 242 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary
   Angiography
5. SECTION 3 Disorders of Rhythm
6. 243 Principles of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
7. 244 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial
   Node
8. 245 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the
   Atrioventricular Node
9. 246 Approach to Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
10. 247 Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Sinus Tachycardia
11. 248 Focal Atrial Tachycardia
12. 249 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias
13. 250 Common Atrial Flutter and Macroreentrant and
    Multifocal Atrial Tachycardias
14. 251 Atrial Fibrillation
15. 252 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias
16. 253 Premature Ventricular Contractions, Nonsustained
    Ventricular Tachycardia, and Accelerated
    Idioventricular Rhythm
17. 254 Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
18. 255 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and
    Ventricular Fibrillation
19. 256 Electrical Storm and Incessant Ventricular
    Tachycardia
20. SECTION 4 Disorders of the Heart, Muscles, Valves, and
    Pericardium
21. 257 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
22. 258 Heart Failure: Management
23. 259 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
24. 260 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted
    Circulation

5. 261 Aortic Stenosis
6. 262 Aortic Regurgitation
7. 263 Mitral Stenosis
8. 264 Mitral Regurgitation
9. 265 Mitral Valve Prolapse
10. 266 Tricuspid Valve Disease
11. 267 Pulmonic Valve Disease
12. 268 Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease
13. 269 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
14. 270 Pericardial Disease
15. 271 Atrial Myxoma and Other Cardiac Tumors
16. 272 Cardiac Trauma
17. SECTION 5 Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease
18. 273 Ischemic Heart Disease
19. 274 Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary
    Syndrome (Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial
    Infarction and Unstable Angina)
20. 275 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
21. 276 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other
    Interventional Procedures
22. 277 Hypertension
23. 278 Renovascular Disease
24. 279 Deep-Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary
    Thromboembolism
25. 280 Diseases of the Aorta
26. 281 Arterial Diseases of the Extremities
27. 282 Chronic Venous Disease and Lymphedema
28. 283 Pulmonary Hypertension
29. PART 7 Disorders of the Respiratory System
30. SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders
31. 284 Approach to the Patient with Disease of the
    Respiratory System
32. 285 Disturbances of Respiratory Function
33. 286 Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease
34. SECTION 2 Diseases of the Respiratory System
35. 287 Asthma

2. 288 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary
   Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
3. 289 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
4. 290 Bronchiectasis
5. 291 Cystic Fibrosis
6. 292 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
7. 293 Interstitial Lung Disease
8. 294 Disorders of the Pleura
9. 295 Disorders of the Mediastinum
10. 296 Disorders of Ventilation
11. 297 Sleep Apnea
12. 298 Lung Transplantation
13. 299 Interventional Pulmonary Medicine
14. PART 8 Critical Care Medicine
15. SECTION 1 Respiratory Critical Care
16. 300 Approach to the Patient with Critical Illness
17. 301 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
18. 302 Mechanical Ventilatory Support
19. SECTION 2 Shock and Cardiac Arrest
20. 303 Approach to the Patient with Shock
21. 304 Sepsis and Septic Shock
22. 305 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema
23. 306 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and
    Sudden Cardiac Death
24. SECTION 3 Neurologic Critical Care
25. 307 Nervous System Disorders in Critical Care
26. Part 9 Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
27. 308 Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease or Urinary
    Tract Disease
28. 309 Cell Biology and Physiology of the Kidney
29. 310 Acute Kidney Injury
30. 311 Chronic Kidney Disease
31. 312 Dialysis in the Treatment of Kidney Failure
32. 313 Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure
33. 314 Glomerular Diseases
34. 315 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited
    Disorders of Tubule Growth and Development

9. 316 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney
10. 317 Vascular Injury to the Kidney
11. 318 Nephrolithiasis
12. 319 Urinary Tract Obstruction
13. 320 Interventional Nephrology
14. PART 10 Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System
15. SECTION 1 Disorders of the Alimentary Tract
16. 321 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal
    Disease
17. 322 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
18. 323 Diseases of the Esophagus
19. 324 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders
20. 325 Disorders of Absorption
21. 326 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
22. 327 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
23. 328 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal
    Disorders
24. 329 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
25. 330 Acute Intestinal Obstruction
26. 331 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis
27. SECTION 2 Nutrition
28. 332 Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment
29. 333 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
30. 334 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment
31. 335 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
32. SECTION 3 Liver and Biliary Tract Disease
33. 336 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
34. 337 Evaluation of Liver Function
35. 338 The Hyperbilirubinemias
36. 339 Acute Viral Hepatitis
37. 340 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
38. 341 Chronic Hepatitis
39. 342 Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
40. 343 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and
    Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
41. 344 Cirrhosis and Its Complications
42. 345 Liver Transplantation

11. 346 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
12. SECTION 4 Disorders of the Pancreas
13. 347 Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease
14. 348 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
15. PART 11 Immune-Mediated, Inflammatory, and Rheumatologic
    Disorders
16. SECTION 1 The Immune System in Health and Disease
17. 349 Introduction to the Immune System
18. 350 Mechanisms of Regulation and Dysregulation of
    the Immune System
19. 351 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
20. SECTION 2 Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury
21. 352 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Allergic Rhinitis
22. 353 Anaphylaxis
23. 354 Mastocytosis
24. 355 Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases
25. 356 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
26. 357 Antiphospholipid Syndrome
27. 358 Rheumatoid Arthritis
28. 359 Acute Rheumatic Fever
29. 360 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related
    Disorders
30. 361 Sjögren’s Syndrome
31. 362 Spondyloarthritis
32. 363 The Vasculitis Syndromes
33. 364 Behçet Syndrome
34. 365 Inflammatory Myopathies
35. 366 Relapsing Polychondritis
36. 367 Sarcoidosis
37. 368 IgG4-Related Disease
38. 369 Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other
    Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases
39. SECTION 3 Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues
40. 370 Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal
    Disorders
41. 371 Osteoarthritis
42. 372 Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies

4. 373 Fibromyalgia
5. 374 Arthritis Associated with Systemic Disease, and
   Other Arthritides
6. 375 Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities
7. PART 12 Endocrinology and Metabolism
8. SECTION 1 Endocrinology
9. 376 Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders
10. 377 Mechanisms of Hormone Action
11. 378 Physiology of Anterior Pituitary Hormones
12. 379 Hypopituitarism
13. 380 Pituitary Tumor Syndromes
14. 381 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
15. 382 Thyroid Gland Physiology and Testing
16. 383 Hypothyroidism
17. 384 Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of
    Thyrotoxicosis
18. 385 Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer
19. 386 Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
20. 387 Pheochromocytoma
21. 388 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
22. 389 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
23. SECTION 2 Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine
24. 390 Sex Development
25. 391 Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive
    System
26. 392 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
27. 393 Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain
28. 394 Hirsutism
29. 395 Menopause and Postmenopausal Hormone
    Therapy
30. 396 Infertility and Contraception
31. 397 Sexual Dysfunction
32. 398 Women’s Health
33. 399 Men’s Health
34. 400 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT)
    Health

3. SECTION 3 Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic
   Syndrome
4. 401 Pathobiology of Obesity
5. 402 Evaluation and Management of Obesity
6. 403 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and
   Pathophysiology
7. 404 Diabetes Mellitus: Management and Therapies
8. 405 Diabetes Mellitus: Complications
9. 406 Hypoglycemia
10. 407 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
11. 408 The Metabolic Syndrome
12. SECTION 4 Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
13. 409 Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and
    Disease
14. 410 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium
    Homeostasis
15. 411 Osteoporosis
16. 412 Paget’s Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone
17. SECTION 5 Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism
18. 413 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
19. 414 Hemochromatosis
20. 415 Wilson’s Disease
21. 416 The Porphyrias
22. 417 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
23. 418 Lysosomal Storage Diseases
24. 419 Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited
    Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
25. 420 Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in
    Adults
26. 421 Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport
27. PART 13 Neurologic Disorders
28. SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders
29. 422 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
30. 423 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders
31. 424 Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases
32. SECTION 2 Diseases of the Central Nervous System
33. 425 Seizures and Epilepsy

2. 426 Introduction to Cerebrovascular Diseases
3. 427 Ischemic Stroke
4. 428 Intracranial Hemorrhage
5. 429 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
6. 430 Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders
7. 431 Alzheimer’s Disease
8. 432 Frontotemporal Dementia
9. 433 Vascular Dementia
10. 434 Dementia with Lewy Bodies
11. 435 Parkinson’s Disease
12. 436 Tremor, Chorea, and Other Movement Disorders
13. 437 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor
    Neuron Diseases
14. 438 Prion Diseases
15. 439 Ataxic Disorders
16. 440 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
17. 441 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell’s Palsy, and Other
    Cranial Nerve Disorders
18. 442 Diseases of the Spinal Cord
19. 443 Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries
20. 444 Multiple Sclerosis
21. 445 Neuromyelitis Optica
22. SECTION 3 Nerve and Muscle Disorders
23. 446 Peripheral Neuropathy
24. 447 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-
    Mediated Neuropathies
25. 448 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the
    Neuromuscular Junction
26. 449 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases
27. SECTION 4 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue
    Syndrome
28. 450 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue
    Syndrome
29. SECTION 5 Psychiatric and Addiction Disorders
30. 451 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
31. 452 Psychiatric Disorders
32. 453 Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders

4. 454 Nicotine Addiction
5. 455 Marijuana and Marijuana Use Disorders
6. 456 Opioid-Related Disorders
7. 457 Cocaine, Other Psychostimulants, and
   Hallucinogens
8. PART 14 Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and Envenomation
9. 458 Heavy Metal Poisoning
10. 459 Poisoning and Drug Overdose
11. 460 Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and
    Marine Animal Exposures
12. 461 Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Injuries
13. PART 15 Disorders Associated with Environmental Exposures
14. 462 Altitude Illness
15. 463 Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine
16. 464 Hypothermia and Peripheral Cold Injuries
17. 465 Heat-Related Illnesses
18. PART 16 Genes, the Environment, and Disease
19. 466 Principles of Human Genetics
20. 467 The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine
21. 468 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
22. 469 Telomere Disease
23. 470 Gene- and Cell-Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine
24. 471 The Human Microbiome
25. PART 17 Global Medicine
26. 472 Global Issues in Medicine
27. 473 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
28. 474 Primary Care and Global Health
29. 475 Health Effects of Climate Change
30. PART 18 Aging
31. 476 Biology of Aging
32. 477 Caring for the Geriatric Patient
33. PART 19 Consultative Medicine
34. 478 Approach to Medical Consultation
35. 479 Medical Disorders During Pregnancy
36. 480 Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient
37. PART 20 Frontiers
38. 481 Behavioral Economics and Health

2. 482 Complementary and Integrative Therapies and
   Practices
3. 483 The Role of Epigenetics in Disease and Treatment
4. 484 Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine
5. 485 The Role of Circadian Biology in Health and Disease
6. 486 Network Medicine: Systems Biology in Health and
   Disease
7. 487 Emerging Neurotherapeutic Technologies
8. 488 Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence in
   Clinical Medicine
9. 489 Metabolomics
10. 490 Circulating Nucleic Acids as Liquid Biopsies and
    Noninvasive Disease Biomarkers
11. 491 Protein Folding Disorders
12. 492 Novel Approaches to Diseases of Unknown Etiology
13. Index

PART 1 The Profession of Medicine
1 The Practice of Medicine
The Editors
2 Promoting Good Health
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Kathleen M. McKibbin
3 Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
Julie A. Bettinger, Hana Mitchell
4 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
Daniel B. Mark, John B. Wong
5 Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
The Editors
6 Screening and Prevention of Disease
Katrina A. Armstrong, Gary J. Martin
7 Global Diversity of Health System Financing and Delivery
Richard B. Saltman
8 The Safety and Quality of Health Care
David W. Bates

9 Diagnosis: Reducing Errors and Improving Quality
Gordon Schiff
10 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Lenny López, Joseph R. Betancourt
11 Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
Christine Grady, Bernard Lo
12 Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Ezekiel J. Emanuel
PART 2 Cardinal Manifestations and
Presentation of Diseases
SECTION 1 Pain
13 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management
James P. Rathmell, Howard L. Fields
14 Chest Discomfort
David A. Morrow
15 Abdominal Pain
Danny O. Jacobs
16 Headache
Peter J. Goadsby
17 Back and Neck Pain
John W. Engstrom
SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature
18 Fever
Neeraj K. Surana, Charles A. Dinarello, Reuven Porat
19 Fever and Rash

Elaine T. Kaye, Kenneth M. Kaye
20 Fever of Unknown Origin
Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Catharina M. Mulders-Manders, Jos
W. M. van der Meer
SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction
21 Syncope
Roy Freeman
22 Dizziness and Vertigo
Mark F. Walker, Robert B. Daroff
23 Fatigue
Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Vanja C. Douglas
24 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis
Stephen L. Hauser
25 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
Stephen L. Hauser
26 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls
Jessica M. Baker
27 Confusion and Delirium
S. Andrew Josephson, Bruce L. Miller
28 Coma
S. Andrew Josephson, Allan H. Ropper, Stephen L. Hauser
29 Dementia
William W. Seeley, Gil D. Rabinovici, Bruce L. Miller
30 Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Cognitive Disorders
M.-Marsel Mesulam
31 Sleep Disorders
Thomas E. Scammell, Clifford B. Saper, Charles A. Czeisler

SECTION 4 Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and
Throat
32 Disorders of the Eye
Jonathan C. Horton
33 Disorders of Smell and Taste
Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley
34 Disorders of Hearing
Anil K. Lalwani
35 Upper Respiratory Symptoms, Including Earache, Sinus
Symptoms, and Sore Throat
Rachel L. Amdur, Jeffrey A. Linder
36 Oral Manifestations of Disease
Samuel C. Durso
SECTION 5 Alterations in Circulatory and
Respiratory Functions
37 Dyspnea
Rebecca M. Baron
38 Cough
Christopher H. Fanta
39 Hemoptysis
Carolyn M. D’Ambrosio
40 Hypoxia and Cyanosis
Joseph Loscalzo
41 Edema
Joseph Loscalzo
42 Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
43 Palpitations

Joseph Loscalzo
SECTION 6 Alterations in Gastrointestinal
Function
44 Dysphagia
Ikuo Hirano, Peter J. Kahrilas
45 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
William L. Hasler
46 Diarrhea and Constipation
Michael Camilleri, Joseph A. Murray
47 Unintentional Weight Loss
J. Larry Jameson
48 Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Loren Laine
49 Jaundice
Savio John, Daniel S. Pratt
50 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites
Lawrence S. Friedman
SECTION 7 Alterations in Renal and Urinary
Tract Function
51 Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
R. Christopher Doiron, J. Curtis Nickel
52 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
David B. Mount
53 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
David B. Mount
54 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
Sundeep Khosla

55 Acidosis and Alkalosis
Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.
SECTION 8 Alterations in the Skin
56 Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder
Kim B. Yancey, Thomas J. Lawley
57 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other
Common Skin Disorders
Leslie P. Lawley, Justin T. Cheeley, Robert A. Swerlick
58 Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
Jean L. Bolognia, Jonathan S. Leventhal, Irwin M. Braverman
59 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases
Kim B. Yancey, Benjamin F. Chong, Thomas J. Lawley
60 Cutaneous Drug Reactions
Robert G. Micheletti, Misha Rosenbach, Bruce U. Wintroub,
Kanade Shinkai
61 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Sunlight
Alexander G. Marneros, David R. Bickers
SECTION 9 Hematologic Alterations
62 Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears
Dan L. Longo
63 Anemia and Polycythemia
John W. Adamson, Dan L. Longo
64 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
Steven M. Holland, John I. Gallin
65 Bleeding and Thrombosis
Barbara A. Konkle
66 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen
Dan L. Longo

PART 3 Pharmacology
67 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
Dan M. Roden
68 Pharmacogenomics
Dan M. Roden
PART 4 Oncology and Hematology
SECTION 1 Neoplastic Disorders
69 Approach to the Patient with Cancer
Dan L. Longo
70 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
Jennifer M. Croswell, Otis W. Brawley, Barnett S. Kramer
71 Cancer Genetics
Fred Bunz, Bert Vogelstein
72 Cancer Cell Biology
Jeffrey W. Clark, Dan L. Longo
73 Principles of Cancer Treatment
Edward A. Sausville, Dan L. Longo
74 Infections in Patients with Cancer
Robert W. Finberg
75 Oncologic Emergencies
Rasim Gucalp, Janice P. Dutcher
76 Cancer of the Skin
Brendan D. Curti, John T. Vetto, Sancy A. Leachman
77 Head and Neck Cancer
Everett E. Vokes

78 Neoplasms of the Lung
Leora Horn, Wade T. Iams
79 Breast Cancer
Daniel F. Hayes, Marc E. Lippman
80 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
David Kelsen
81 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers
Robert J. Mayer
82 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree
Josep M. Llovet
83 Pancreatic Cancer
Daniel D. Von Hoff
84 Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Matthew H. Kulke
85 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Robert J. Motzer, Martin H. Voss
86 Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract
Noah M. Hahn
87 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate
Howard I. Scher, James A. Eastham
88 Testicular Cancer
David J. Vaughn
89 Gynecologic Malignancies
David Spriggs
90 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System
Lisa M. DeAngelis, Patrick Y. Wen
91 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases
Shreyaskumar R. Patel
92 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
Kanwal Raghav, James L. Abbruzzese, Gauri R. Varadhachary

93 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
J. Larry Jameson, Dan L. Longo
94 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune
Encephalitis
Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld, Francesc Graus
95 Cancer Survivorship and the Long-Term Impact of Cancer
and Its Treatment
Mark Roschewski, Dan L. Longo
SECTION 2 Hematopoietic Disorders
96 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
David T. Scadden, Dan L. Longo
97 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias
John W. Adamson
98 Disorders of Hemoglobin
Martin H. Steinberg
99 Megaloblastic Anemias
A. Victor Hoffbrand
100 Hemolytic Anemias
Lucio Luzzatto, Lucia De Franceschi
101 Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
Dan L. Longo
102 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including Aplastic Anemia
and Myelodysplasia
Neal S. Young
103 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Jerry L. Spivak
104 Acute Myeloid Leukemia
William Blum
105 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Hagop Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Jorge Cortes
106 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
Dieter Hoelzer
107 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Jennifer A. Woyach, John C. Byrd
108 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Caron A. Jacobson, Dan L. Longo
109 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Caron A. Jacobson, Dan L. Longo
110 Less Common Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies
Ayalew Tefferi, Dan L. Longo
111 Plasma Cell Disorders
Nikhil C. Munshi, Dan L. Longo, Kenneth C. Anderson
112 Amyloidosis
John L. Berk, Vaishali Sanchorawala
113 Transfusion Therapy and Biology
Pierre Tiberghien, Olivier Garraud, Jacques Chiaroni
114 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Frederick R. Appelbaum
SECTION 3 Disorders of Hemostasis
115 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall
Barbara A. Konkle
116 Coagulation Disorders
Jean M. Connors
117 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis
Jane E. Freedman, Joseph Loscalzo
118 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs
Jeffrey I. Weitz

PART 5 Infectious Diseases
SECTION 1 Basic Considerations in Infectious
Diseases
119 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease
Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper
120 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
Thomas E. Wood, Marcia B. Goldberg
121 Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease
Roby P. Bhattacharyya, Yonatan H. Grad, Deborah T. Hung
122 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient
Tamar F. Barlam
123 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use
Sarah Mbaeyi, Amanda Cohn, Nancy Messonnier
124 Health Recommendations for International Travel
Jesse Waggoner, Henry M. Wu
125 Climate Change and Infectious Disease
Aaron S. Bernstein
SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-
Acquired Infections
126 Pneumonia
Lionel A. Mandell, Michael S. Niederman
127 Lung Abscess
Rebecca M. Baron, Beverly W. Baron, Miriam Baron Barshak
128 Infective Endocarditis
Sara E. Cosgrove, Adolf W. Karchmer
129 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues

Dennis L. Stevens, Amy E. Bryant
130 Infectious Arthritis
Lawrence C. Madoff, Nongnooch Poowanawittayakom
131 Osteomyelitis
Werner Zimmerli
132 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses
Miriam Baron Barshak, Dennis L. Kasper
133 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food
Poisoning
Richelle C. Charles, Regina C. LaRocque
134 Clostridioides difficile Infection, Including
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson
135 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis
Kalpana Gupta, Barbara W. Trautner
136 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical
Approach
Jeanne M. Marrazzo, King K. Holmes
137 Encephalitis
Karen L. Roos, Michael R. Wilson, Kenneth L. Tyler
138 Acute Meningitis
Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler
139 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
Avindra Nath, Walter J. Koroshetz, Michael R. Wilson
140 Brain Abscess and Empyema
Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler
141 Infectious Complications of Bites
Sandeep S. Jubbal, Florencia Pereyra Segal, Lawrence C.
Madoff

Associated Infections
142 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
Robert A. Weinstein
143 Infections in Transplant Recipients
Robert W. Finberg
SECTION 4 Therapy for Bacterial Diseases
144 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections
David C. Hooper, Erica S. Shenoy, Ramy H. Elshaboury
145 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
David C. Hooper
SECTION 5 Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive
Bacteria
146 Pneumococcal Infections
David Goldblatt, Katherine L. O’Brien
147 Staphylococcal Infections
Franklin D. Lowy
148 Streptococcal Infections
Michael R. Wessels
149 Enterococcal Infections
William R. Miller, Cesar A. Arias, Barbara E. Murray
150 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
William R. Bishai, John R. Murphy
151 Listeria monocytogenes Infections
Jennifer P. Collins, Patricia M. Griffin
152 Tetanus

C. Louise Thwaites, Lam Minh Yen
153 Botulism
Carolina Lúquez, Jeremy Sobel
154 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
Amy E. Bryant, Dennis L. Stevens
SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative
Bacteria
155 Meningococcal Infections
Manish Sadarangani, Andrew J. Pollard
156 Gonococcal Infections
Sanjay Ram, Peter A. Rice
157 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
Timothy F. Murphy
158 Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Tamar F. Barlam
159 Legionella Infections
Steven A. Pergam, Thomas R. Hawn
160 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
Karina A. Top, Scott A. Halperin
161 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli
Thomas A. Russo, James R. Johnson
162 Acinetobacter Infections
Rossana Rosa, L. Silvia Munoz-Price
163 Helicobacter pylori Infections
John C. Atherton, Martin J. Blaser
164 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and
Stenotrophomonas Species
Reuben Ramphal

165 Salmonellosis
David A. Pegues, Samuel I. Miller
166 Shigellosis
Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jean Bergounioux
167 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms
Martin J. Blaser
168 Cholera and Other Vibrioses
Matthew K. Waldor, Edward T. Ryan
169 Brucellosis
Nicholas J. Beeching
170 Tularemia
Max Maurin, Didier Raoult
171 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections
Michael B. Prentice
172 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease
Michael Giladi, Moshe Ephros
173 Donovanosis
Nigel O’Farrell
SECTION 7 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections
174 Nocardiosis
Gregory A. Filice
175 Actinomycosis
Thomas A. Russo
176 Whipple’s Disease
Thomas A. Russo, Seth R. Glassman
177 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms
Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper

SECTION 8 Mycobacterial Diseases
178 Tuberculosis
Mario C. Raviglione, Andrea Gori
179 Leprosy
Jan H. Richardus, Hemanta K. Kar, Zoica Bakirtzief, Wim H. van
Brakel
180 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Steven M. Holland
181 Antimycobacterial Agents
Divya Reddy, Sebastian G. Kurz, Max R. O’Donnell
SECTION 9 Spirochetal Diseases
182 Syphilis
Sheila A. Lukehart
183 Endemic Treponematoses
Sheila A. Lukehart, Lorenzo Giacani
184 Leptospirosis
Jiři F. P. Wagenaar, Marga G.A. Goris
185 Relapsing Fever and Borrelia miyamotoi Disease
Alan G. Barbour
186 Lyme Borreliosis
Allen C. Steere
SECTION 10 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae,
Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae
187 Rickettsial Diseases
David H. Walker, J. Stephen Dumler, Lucas S. Blanton, Chantal
P. Bleeker-Rovers
188 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas

R. Doug Hardy
189 Chlamydial Infections
Charlotte A. Gaydos, Thomas C. Quinn
SECTION 11 Viral Diseases: General
Considerations
190 Principles of Medical Virology
David M. Knipe
191 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs
Jeffrey I. Cohen, Eleanor Wilson
SECTION 12 Infections Due to DNA Viruses
192 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Lawrence Corey
193 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
Richard J. Whitley
194 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious
Mononucleosis
Jeffrey I. Cohen
195 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8
Camille Nelson Kotton, Martin S. Hirsch
196 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus
Infections
Inger K. Damon
197 Parvovirus Infections
Kevin E. Brown
198 Human Papillomavirus Infections
Darron R. Brown, Aaron C. Ermel

SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA
Respiratory Viruses
199 Common Viral Respiratory Infections, Including COVID-19
James E. Crowe, Jr.
200 Influenza
Kathleen M. Neuzil, Peter F. Wright
SECTION 14 Infections Due to Human
Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human
Retroviruses
201 The Human Retroviruses
Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci
202 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related
Disorders
Anthony S. Fauci, Gregory K. Folkers, H. Clifford Lane
SECTION 15 Infections Due to RNA Viruses
203 Viral Gastroenteritis
Umesh D. Parashar, Roger I. Glass
204 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections
Jeffrey I. Cohen
205 Measles (Rubeola)
Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, William J. Moss
206 Rubella (German Measles)
Laura A. Zimmerman, Susan E. Reef
207 Mumps
Jessica Leung, Mariel Marlow
208 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections

Alan C. Jackson
209 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus Infections
Jens H. Kuhn, Ian Crozier
210 Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections
Jens H. Kuhn, Ian Crozier
SECTION 16 Fungal Infections
211 Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal
Infections
Michail S. Lionakis, John E. Edwards Jr.
212 Histoplasmosis
Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat
213 Coccidioidomycosis
Neil M. Ampel
214 Blastomycosis
Gregory M. Gauthier, Bruce S. Klein
215 Cryptococcosis
Arturo Casadevall
216 Candidiasis
Michail S. Lionakis, Shakti Singh, Ashraf S. Ibrahim, John E.
Edwards, Jr.
217 Aspergillosis
David W. Denning
218 Mucormycosis
Brad Spellberg, Ashraf S. Ibrahim
219 Less Common Systemic Mycoses and Superficial Mycoses
Carol A. Kauffman
220 Pneumocystis Infections
Alison Morris, Henry Masur

SECTION 17 Protozoal and Helminthic
Infections: General Considerations
221 Introduction to Parasitic Infections
Sharon L. Reed
222 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections
Thomas A. Moore
SECTION 18 Protozoal Infections
223 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae
Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed
224 Malaria
Nicholas J. White, Elizabeth A. Ashley
225 Babesiosis
Edouard Vannier, Jeffrey A. Gelfand
226 Leishmaniasis
Shyam Sundar
227 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis
François Chappuis, Yves Jackson
228 Toxoplasma Infections
Kami Kim
229 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis
Peter F. Weller
SECTION 19 Helminthic Infections
230 Introduction to Helminthic Infections
Peter F. Weller
231 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections
Peter F. Weller

232 Intestinal Nematode Infections
Thomas B. Nutman, Peter F. Weller
233 Filarial and Related Infections
Thomas B. Nutman, Peter F. Weller
234 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections
Birgitte Jyding Vennervald
235 Cestode Infections
A. Clinton White, Jr., Peter F. Weller
PART 6 Disorders of the Cardiovascular
System
SECTION 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular
Disorders
236 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular
Disease
Joseph Loscalzo
237 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System
Joseph Loscalzo, John F. Keaney, Jr., Calum A. MacRae
238 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
Thomas A. Gaziano, J. Michael Gaziano
SECTION 2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular
Disorders
239 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
240 Electrocardiography
Ary L. Goldberger

241 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear
Cardiology, and Magnetic Resonance/Computed
Tomography Imaging
Marcelo F. Di Carli, Raymond Y. Kwong, Scott D. Solomon
242 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary
Angiography
Jane A. Leopold, David P. Faxon
SECTION 3 Disorders of Rhythm
243 Principles of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
William H. Sauer, Bruce A. Koplan, Paul C. Zei
244 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node
William H. Sauer, Bruce A. Koplan
245 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Atrioventricular
Node
William H. Sauer, Bruce A. Koplan
246 Approach to Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
247 Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Sinus Tachycardia
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
248 Focal Atrial Tachycardia
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
249 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
250 Common Atrial Flutter and Macroreentrant and Multifocal
Atrial Tachycardias
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
251 Atrial Fibrillation
William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
252 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias

William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow
253 Premature Ventricular Contractions, Nonsustained
Ventricular Tachycardia, and Accelerated Idioventricular
Rhythm
William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow
254 Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow
255 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular
Fibrillation
William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow
256 Electrical Storm and Incessant Ventricular Tachycardia
William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow
SECTION 4 Disorders of the Heart, Muscles,
Valves, and Pericardium
257 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Michael M. Givertz, Mandeep R. Mehra
258 Heart Failure: Management
Akshay S. Desai, Mandeep R. Mehra
259 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
Neal K. Lakdawala, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Joseph Loscalzo
260 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted
Circulation
Mandeep R. Mehra
261 Aortic Stenosis
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
262 Aortic Regurgitation
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
263 Mitral Stenosis
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo

264 Mitral Regurgitation
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
265 Mitral Valve Prolapse
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
266 Tricuspid Valve Disease
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
267 Pulmonic Valve Disease
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
268 Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease
Patrick T. O’Gara, Joseph Loscalzo
269 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
Anne Marie Valente, Michael J. Landzberg
270 Pericardial Disease
Joseph Loscalzo
271 Atrial Myxoma and Other Cardiac Tumors
Eric H. Awtry
272 Cardiac Trauma
Eric H. Awtry
SECTION 5 Coronary and Peripheral Vascular
Disease
273 Ischemic Heart Disease
Elliott M. Antman, Joseph Loscalzo
274 Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
(Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and
Unstable Angina)
Robert P. Giugliano, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
275 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Elliott M. Antman, Joseph Loscalzo

276 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other
Interventional Procedures
David P. Faxon, Deepak L. Bhatt
277 Hypertension
Theodore A. Kotchen
278 Renovascular Disease
Stephen C. Textor
279 Deep-Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary
Thromboembolism
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
280 Diseases of the Aorta
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo
281 Arterial Diseases of the Extremities
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo
282 Chronic Venous Disease and Lymphedema
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo
283 Pulmonary Hypertension
Bradley A. Maron, Joseph Loscalzo
PART 7 Disorders of the Respiratory System
SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders
284 Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Respiratory
System
Bruce D. Levy
285 Disturbances of Respiratory Function
Edward T. Naureckas, Julian Solway
286 Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease
George R. Washko, Hilary J. Goldberg, Majid Shafiq

SECTION 2 Diseases of the Respiratory System
287 Asthma
Elliot Israel
288 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates with
Eosinophilia
Praveen Akuthota, Michael E. Wechsler
289 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
John R. Balmes
290 Bronchiectasis
Rebecca M. Baron, Beverly W. Baron, Miriam Baron Barshak
291 Cystic Fibrosis
Eric J. Sorscher
292 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Edwin K. Silverman, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make
293 Interstitial Lung Disease
Gary M. Hunninghake, Ivan O. Rosas
294 Disorders of the Pleura
Richard W. Light
295 Disorders of the Mediastinum
Richard W. Light
296 Disorders of Ventilation
John F. McConville, Julian Solway, Babak Mokhlesi
297 Sleep Apnea
Andrew Wellman, Daniel J. Gottlieb, Susan Redline
298 Lung Transplantation
Hilary J. Goldberg, Hari R. Mallidi
299 Interventional Pulmonary Medicine
Lonny Yarmus, David Feller-Kopman

PART 8 Critical Care Medicine
SECTION 1 Respiratory Critical Care
300 Approach to the Patient with Critical Illness
Rebecca M. Baron, Anthony F. Massaro
301 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Rebecca M. Baron, Bruce D. Levy
302 Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Scott Schissel
SECTION 2 Shock and Cardiac Arrest
303 Approach to the Patient with Shock
Anthony F. Massaro
304 Sepsis and Septic Shock
Emily B. Brant, Christopher W. Seymour, Derek C. Angus
305 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema
David H. Ingbar, Holger Thiele
306 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden
Cardiac Death
Christine Albert, William H. Sauer
SECTION 3 Neurologic Critical Care
307 Nervous System Disorders in Critical Care
J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, S. Andrew Josephson,
Daryl R. Gress

Part 9 Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary
Tract
308 Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease or Urinary Tract
Disease
Julian L. Seifter
309 Cell Biology and Physiology of the Kidney
Alfred L. George, Jr., Eric G. Neilson
310 Acute Kidney Injury
Sushrut S. Waikar, Joseph V. Bonventre
311 Chronic Kidney Disease
Joanne M. Bargman, Karl Skorecki
312 Dialysis in the Treatment of Kidney Failure
Kathleen D. Liu, Glenn M. Chertow
313 Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure
Jamil Azzi, Naoka Murakami, Anil Chandraker
314 Glomerular Diseases
Julia B. Lewis, Eric G. Neilson
315 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Disorders of
Tubule Growth and Development
Jing Zhou, Martin R. Pollak
316 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney
Laurence H. Beck Jr., David J. Salant
317 Vascular Injury to the Kidney
Ronald S. Go, Nelson Leung
318 Nephrolithiasis
Gary C. Curhan
319 Urinary Tract Obstruction
Julian L. Seifter
320 Interventional Nephrology

Dirk M. Hentschel
PART 10 Disorders of the Gastrointestinal
System
SECTION 1 Disorders of the Alimentary Tract
321 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease
William L. Hasler, Chung Owyang
322 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian
323 Diseases of the Esophagus
Peter J. Kahrilas, Ikuo Hirano
324 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders
John Del Valle
325 Disorders of Absorption
Deborah C. Rubin
326 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sonia Friedman, Richard S. Blumberg
327 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chung Owyang
328 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders
Susan L. Gearhart
329 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
Maryam Ali Khan, Jaideep Das Gupta, Mahmoud Malas
330 Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Danny O. Jacobs
331 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis
Danny O. Jacobs

SECTION 2 Nutrition
332 Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment
Johanna T. Dwyer
333 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
Paolo M. Suter
334 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment
Gordon L. Jensen
335 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
L. John Hoffer, Bruce R. Bistrian, David F. Driscoll
SECTION 3 Liver and Biliary Tract Disease
336 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
Marc G. Ghany, Jay H. Hoofnagle
337 Evaluation of Liver Function
Emily D. Bethea, Daniel S. Pratt
338 The Hyperbilirubinemias
Allan W. Wolkoff
339 Acute Viral Hepatitis
Jules L. Dienstag
340 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
William M. Lee, Jules L. Dienstag
341 Chronic Hepatitis
Jules L. Dienstag
342 Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Bernd Schnabl
343 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic
Steatohepatitis
Manal F. Abdelmalek, Anna Mae Diehl
344 Cirrhosis and Its Complications

Alex S. Befeler, Bruce R. Bacon
345 Liver Transplantation
Raymond T. Chung, Jules L. Dienstag
346 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Norton J. Greenberger, Gustav Paumgartner, Daniel S. Pratt
SECTION 4 Disorders of the Pancreas
347 Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease
Somashekar G. Krishna, Darwin L. Conwell, Phil A. Hart
348 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Phil A. Hart, Darwin L. Conwell, Somashekar G. Krishna
PART 11 Immune-Mediated, Inflammatory, and
Rheumatologic Disorders
SECTION 1 The Immune System in Health and
Disease
349 Introduction to the Immune System
Barton F. Haynes, Kelly A. Soderberg, Anthony S. Fauci
350 Mechanisms of Regulation and Dysregulation of the
Immune System
Barton F. Haynes, Kelly A. Soderberg, Anthony S. Fauci
351 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
Alain Fischer
SECTION 2 Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury
352 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Allergic Rhinitis
Katherine L. Tuttle, Joshua A. Boyce

353 Anaphylaxis
David Hong, Joshua A. Boyce
354 Mastocytosis
Matthew P. Giannetti, Joshua A. Boyce
355 Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases
Betty Diamond, Peter E. Lipsky
356 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bevra Hannahs Hahn, Maureen McMahon
357 Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, Clio P. Mavragani
358 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankoor Shah, E. William St. Clair
359 Acute Rheumatic Fever
Joseph Kado, Jonathan Carapetis
360 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
John Varga
361 Sjögren’s Syndrome
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, Clio P. Mavragani
362 Spondyloarthritis
Joel D. Taurog, Lianne S. Gensler, Nigil Haroon
363 The Vasculitis Syndromes
Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci
364 Behçet Syndrome
Yusuf Yazici
365 Inflammatory Myopathies
Steven A. Greenberg, Anthony A. Amato
366 Relapsing Polychondritis
Carol A. Langford
367 Sarcoidosis
Robert P. Baughman, Elyse E. Lower

368 IgG4-Related Disease
John H. Stone
369 Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other Hereditary
Autoinflammatory Diseases
Daniel L. Kastner
SECTION 3 Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent
Tissues
370 Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders
John J. Cush
371 Osteoarthritis
David T. Felson, Tuhina Neogi
372 Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies
Hyon K. Choi
373 Fibromyalgia
Leslie J. Crofford
374 Arthritis Associated with Systemic Disease, and Other
Arthritides
Carol A. Langford, Brian F. Mandell
375 Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities
Carol A. Langford
PART 12 Endocrinology and Metabolism
SECTION 1 Endocrinology
376 Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders
J. Larry Jameson
377 Mechanisms of Hormone Action

J. Larry Jameson
378 Physiology of Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson
379 Hypopituitarism
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson
380 Pituitary Tumor Syndromes
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson
381 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
Gary L. Robertson, Daniel G. Bichet
382 Thyroid Gland Physiology and Testing
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman
383 Hypothyroidism
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman
384 Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman
385 Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman
386 Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
Wiebke Arlt
387 Pheochromocytoma
Hartmut P. H. Neumann
388 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
R. V. Thakker
389 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
Peter A. Gottlieb, Aaron W. Michels
SECTION 2 Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine
390 Sex Development
Courtney Finlayson, J. Larry Jameson, John C. Achermann

391 Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System
Shalender Bhasin, J. Larry Jameson
392 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Janet E. Hall, Anuja Dokras
393 Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain
Janet E. Hall, Anuja Dokras
394 Hirsutism
David A. Ehrmann
395 Menopause and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy
JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk
396 Infertility and Contraception
Anuja Dokras, Janet E. Hall
397 Sexual Dysfunction
Kevin T. McVary
398 Women’s Health
Emily Nosova, Andrea Dunaif
399 Men’s Health
Shalender Bhasin
400 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health
Baligh R. Yehia, Zachary B. R. McClain
SECTION 3 Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and
Metabolic Syndrome
401 Pathobiology of Obesity
Stephen O’Rahilly, I. Sadaf Farooqi
402 Evaluation and Management of Obesity
Robert F. Kushner
403 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and
Pathophysiology
Alvin C. Powers, Kevin D. Niswender, Carmella Evans-Molina

404 Diabetes Mellitus: Management and Therapies
Alvin C. Powers, Michael J. Fowler, Michael R. Rickels
405 Diabetes Mellitus: Complications
Alvin C. Powers, John M. Stafford, Michael R. Rickels
406 Hypoglycemia
Stephen N. Davis, Philip E. Cryer
407 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
Daniel J. Rader
408 The Metabolic Syndrome
Robert H. Eckel
SECTION 4 Disorders of Bone and Mineral
Metabolism
409 Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease
F. Richard Bringhurst, Henry M. Kronenberg, Eva S. Liu
410 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium
Homeostasis
John T. Potts, Jr., Harald Jüppner
411 Osteoporosis
Robert Lindsay, Blossom Samuels
412 Paget’s Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone
Rajesh K. Jain, Tamara J. Vokes
SECTION 5 Disorders of Intermediary
Metabolism
413 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
Joan C. Marini, Fransiska Malfait
414 Hemochromatosis
Lawrie W. Powell, David M. Frazer

415 Wilson’s Disease
Stephen G. Kaler
416 The Porphyrias
Robert J. Desnick, Manisha Balwani
417 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
John N. Mecchella, Christopher M. Burns
418 Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Robert J. Hopkin, Gregory A. Grabowski
419 Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders
of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Priya S. Kishnani
420 Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults
Nicola Longo
421 Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport
Nicola Longo
PART 13 Neurologic Disorders
SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders
422 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
Daniel H. Lowenstein, S. Andrew Josephson, Stephen L. Hauser
423 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders
William P. Dillon
424 Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases
Stephen L. Hauser, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Stanley B. Prusiner
SECTION 2 Diseases of the Central Nervous
System

425 Seizures and Epilepsy
Vikram R. Rao, Daniel H. Lowenstein
426 Introduction to Cerebrovascular Diseases
Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill, III
427 Ischemic Stroke
Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill, III
428 Intracranial Hemorrhage
Wade S. Smith, J. Claude Hemphill, III, S. Claiborne Johnston
429 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, Daryl R. Gress
430 Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders
Peter J. Goadsby
431 Alzheimer’s Disease
Gil D. Rabinovici, William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller
432 Frontotemporal Dementia
William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller
433 Vascular Dementia
Steven M. Greenberg, William W. Seeley
434 Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Irene Litvan, William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller
435 Parkinson’s Disease
C. Warren Olanow, Anthony H.V. Schapira
436 Tremor, Chorea, and Other Movement Disorders
C. Warren Olanow, Christine Klein
437 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron
Diseases
Robert H. Brown, Jr.
438 Prion Diseases
Stanley B. Prusiner, Michael Geschwind
439 Ataxic Disorders

Roger N. Rosenberg
440 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Richard J. Barohn, John W. Engstrom
441 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell’s Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve
Disorders
Vanja C. Douglas, Stephen L. Hauser
442 Diseases of the Spinal Cord
Stephen L. Hauser
443 Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries
Geoffrey T. Manley, Benjamin L. Brett, Michael McCrea
444 Multiple Sclerosis
Bruce A. C. Cree, Stephen L. Hauser
445 Neuromyelitis Optica
Bruce A. C. Cree, Stephen L. Hauser
SECTION 3 Nerve and Muscle Disorders
446 Peripheral Neuropathy
Anthony A. Amato, Richard J. Barohn
447 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated
Neuropathies
Stephen L. Hauser, Anthony A. Amato
448 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the
Neuromuscular Junction
Anthony A. Amato
449 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases
Anthony A. Amato, Robert H. Brown, Jr.
SECTION 4 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome

450 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Elizabeth R. Unger, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Jeanne Bertolli
SECTION 5 Psychiatric and Addiction Disorders
451 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
Robert O. Messing, Eric J. Nestler, Matthew W. State
452 Psychiatric Disorders
Victor I. Reus
453 Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders
Marc A. Schuckit
454 Nicotine Addiction
David M. Burns
455 Marijuana and Marijuana Use Disorders
Nora D. Volkow, Aidan Hampson, Ruben Baler
456 Opioid-Related Disorders
Thomas R. Kosten, Colin N. Haile
457 Cocaine, Other Psychostimulants, and Hallucinogens
Karran A. Phillips, Wilson M. Compton
PART 14 Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and
Envenomation
458 Heavy Metal Poisoning
Howard Hu
459 Poisoning and Drug Overdose
Mark B. Mycyk
460 Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine
Animal Exposures
Erik Fisher, Alex Chen, Charles Lei

461 Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Injuries
Richard J. Pollack, Scott A. Norton
PART 15 Disorders Associated with
Environmental Exposures
462 Altitude Illness
Buddha Basnyat, Geoffrey Tabin
463 Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine
Michael H. Bennett, Simon J. Mitchell
464 Hypothermia and Peripheral Cold Injuries
Daniel F. Danzl
465 Heat-Related Illnesses
Daniel F. Danzl
PART 16 Genes, the Environment, and
Disease
466 Principles of Human Genetics
J. Larry Jameson, Peter Kopp
467 The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine
Susan M. Domchek, J. Larry Jameson, Susan Miesfeldt
468 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
Karl L. Skorecki, Bruce H. Cohen
469 Telomere Disease
Rodrigo T. Calado, Neal S. Young
470 Gene- and Cell-Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine
Katherine A. High, Marcela V. Maus
471 The Human Microbiome

Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper
PART 17 Global Medicine
472 Global Issues in Medicine
Joseph J. Rhatigan, Paul Farmer
473 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
George W. Rutherford, Jaime Sepúlveda
474 Primary Care and Global Health
Tim Evans, Kumanan Rasanathan
475 Health Effects of Climate Change
Eugene T. Richardson, Maxine A. Burkett, Paul E. Farmer
PART 18 Aging
476 Biology of Aging
Rafael de Cabo, David Le Couteur
477 Caring for the Geriatric Patient
Joseph G. Ouslander, Bernardo Reyes
PART 19 Consultative Medicine
478 Approach to Medical Consultation
Jeffrey Berns, Jack Ende
479 Medical Disorders During Pregnancy
Sarah Rae Easter, Robert L. Barbieri
480 Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient
Prashant Vaishnava, Kim A. Eagle

PART 20 Frontiers
481 Behavioral Economics and Health
Kevin G. Volpp, George Loewenstein, David A. Asch
482 Complementary and Integrative Therapies and Practices
Helene M. Langevin
483 The Role of Epigenetics in Disease and Treatment
Brian C. Capell, Shelley L. Berger
484 Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine
John A. Kessler
485 The Role of Circadian Biology in Health and Disease
Jonathan Cedernaes, Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Joseph Bass
486 Network Medicine: Systems Biology in Health and Disease
Joseph Loscalzo
487 Emerging Neurotherapeutic Technologies
Jyoti Mishra, Karunesh Ganguly
488 Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence in Clinical
Medicine
Arjun K. Manrai, Isaac S. Kohane
489 Metabolomics
Jared R. Mayers, Mathew G. Vander Heiden
490 Circulating Nucleic Acids as Liquid Biopsies and
Noninvasive Disease Biomarkers
Ash A. Alizadeh, Kiran K. Khush, Yair J. Blumenfeld
491 Protein Folding Disorders
Richard I. Morimoto, G. Scott Budinger
492 Novel Approaches to Diseases of Unknown Etiology
David Adams, Camilo Toro, Joseph Loscalzo
Index

Related Harrison’s 21st Edition Content
The following chapters are available online. They can be viewed by
opening the table of contents of Harrison’s 21st edition at
www.accessmedicine.com/harrisons.
Video Collection
V1 Video Library of Gait Disorders
Gail Kang, Nicholas B. Galifianakis, Michael D. Geschwind
V2 Primary Progressive Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other
Focal Cerebral Disorders
Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Jennifer Ogar, Joel Kramer, Bruce
L. Miller, Gil D. Rabinovici, Maria Carmela Tartaglia
V3 Video Library of Neuro-Ophthalmology
Jonathan C. Horton
V4 Examination of the Comatose Patient
S. Andrew Josephson
V5 Video Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Lesions
Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian
V6 The Neurologic Screening Exam
Daniel H. Lowenstein
V7 Video Atlas of the Detailed Neurologic Examination
Martin A. Samuels
Supplementary Topics

S1 Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base
Disturbances: Case Examples
David B. Mount, Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.
S2 Cerebrospinal Fluid Disturbances: Case Examples
Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Michael R. Wilson
S3 Microbial Bioterrorism
H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci
S4 Chemical Terrorism
James A. Romano, Jr., Jonathan Newmark
S5 Radiation Terrorism
Christine E. Hill-Kayser, Eli Glatstein, Zelig A. Tochner
S6 Infections in War Veterans
Andrew W. Artenstein
S7 Health Care for Military Veterans
Stephen C. Hunt, Lucile Burgo-Black, Charles W. Hoge
S8 Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with (or
Secondary to) Other Diseases
Alain Fischer
S9 Technique of Lumbar Puncture
Elizabeth Robbins, Stephen L. Hauser
S10 The Clinical Laboratory in Modern Health Care
Anthony A. Killeen
S11 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Manfred Brigl, Alexander J. McAdam
S12 Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
Sharon L. Reed, Sanjay R. Mehta
Atlases
A1 Atlas of Rashes Associated with Fever

Kenneth M. Kaye, Elaine T. Kaye
A2 Atlas of Blood Smears of Malaria and Babesiosis
Nicholas J. White, Elizabeth A. Ashley
A3 Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease
Samuel C. Durso, Janet A. Yellowitz
A4 Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies
Agnes B. Fogo, Eric G. Neilson
A5 Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
Thomas J. Lawley, Benjamin K. Stoff, Calvin O. McCall
A6 Atlas of Hematology
Dan L. Longo
A7 Atlas of Electrocardiography
Ary L. Goldberger
A8 Atlas of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Ary L. Goldberger
A9 Atlas of Noninvasive Imaging
Marcelo F. Di Carli, Raymond Y. Kwong, Scott D. Solomon
A10 Atlas of Atherosclerosis
Peter Libby
A11 Atlas of Percutaneous Revascularization and Adult
Structural Heart Interventions
Jane A. Leopold, Deepak L. Bhatt, David P. Faxon
A12 Atlas of Chest Imaging
Samuel Y. Ash, George R. Washko
A13 Atlas of Liver Biopsies
Jules L. Dienstag, Atul K. Bhan
A14 Atlas of the Vasculitic Syndromes
Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci
A15 Atlas of Clinical Manifestations of Endocrine and Metabolic
Diseases

J. Larry Jameson
A16 Atlas of Neuroimaging
Michael F. Regner, Andre D. Furtado, Luciano Villarinho, William
P. Dillon

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