Biochemistry by U Satyanarayana FOURTH EDITION pdf book free download

Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgements
Scope of Biochemistry
Section One: Chemical Constituents of
Life
Chapter 1: Biomolecules and the Cell
The cell
Eukaryotic cell
Summary
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides—structural aspects
Structure of glucose
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
Heteropolysaccharides
Agar and pectins
Glycoproteins
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 3: Lipids
Fatty acids
Essential fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Lipoproteins
Steroids
Amphipathic lipids
Soaps and detergents
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 4: Proteins and Amino Acids
Amino acids
Structure of proteins
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 5: Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
Nucleotides
Structure of DNA
Organization of DNA in the cell
Structure of RNA
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 6: Enzymes
Historical background
Nomenclature and classification
Chemical nature and properties of enzymes
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Active site
Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme specificity
Coenzymes
Mechanism of enzyme action
Regulation of enzyme activity in the living system
Units of enzyme activity
Non-protein enzymes
Applications of enzymes
Diagnostic importance of enzymes
Isoenzymes
Enzyme pattern in diseases
Diagnostic importance of enzymes in other body fluids and tissues
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 7: Vitamins
Individual vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Niacin
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Folic acid
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Vitamin like compounds
Choline
Inositol
Lipoic acid
Para aminobenzoic acid
Bioflavonoids
Antivitamins
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Section Two: Physiological Biochemistry
Chapter 8: Digestion and Absorption
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Abnormalities related to digestion and absorption
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 9: Plasma Proteins
Albumin
Globulins
Immunoglobulins
Blood clotting
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 10: Hemoglobin and Porphyrins
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin derivatives
Abnormal hemoglobins
Sickle-cell anemia or sickle-cell hemoglobin
Thalassemias
Porphyrins
Biosynthesis of heme
Porphyrias
Degradation of heme to bile pigments
Jaundice
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 11: Biological Oxidation
Bioenergetics
High-energy compounds
Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Section Three: Metabolisms
Chapter 12: Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 13: Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Summary
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen metabolism
Futile cycles
Glycogen storage diseases
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Uronic acid pathway
Metabolism of galactose
Metabolism of fructose
Metabolism of amino sugars
Glyoxylate cycle
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 14: Metabolism of Lipids
Fatty acid oxidation
Ketone bodies
Biosynthesis of fatty acids
Synthesis of triacylglycerols
Metabolism of phospholipids
Metabolism of glycolipids
Metabolism of cholesterol
Lipoproteins
Metabolism of HDL
Disorders of plasma lipoproteins
Fatty liver
Lipotropic factors
Obesity
Atherosclerosis
Alcohol metabolism
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 15: Metabolism of Amino Acids
Amino acid pool
Metabolism of amino acids —general aspects
Metabolism of ammonia
Urea cycle
Metabolism of individual amino acids
Glycine
Phenylalanine and tyrosine
Tryptophan
Sulfur amino acids
One-carbon metabolism
Branched chain amino acids
Histidine, proline and arginine
Lysine
Glutamate and glutamine
Aspartate and asparagine
Alanine
Serine
Threonine
Fate of carbon skeleton of amino acids
Amino acids as neurotransmitters
Biogenic amines
Polyamines
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 16: Integration of Metabolism
Organ specialization and metabolic integration
Metabolism in starvation
Summary
Chapter 17: Metabolism of Nucleotides
Biosynthesis of purine ribonucleotides
Degradation of purine nucleotides
Disorders of purine metabolism
Biosynthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 18: Mineral Metabolism
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Iron
Copper
Iodine
Manganese
Zinc
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Fluorine
Selenium
Chromium
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Section Four: Clinical Biochemistry and
Nutrition
Chapter 19: Hormones
Classification of hormones
cAMP—The second messenger
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
Hypothalamic hormones
Anterior pituitary hormones
Posterior pituitary hormones
Thyroid hormones
Hormones of adrenal cortex
Hormones of adrenal medulla
Hormones of gonads
The menstrual cycle
Gastrointestinal (or gut) hormones
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 20: Organ Function Tests
Liver function tests
Jaundice
Kidney (renal) function tests
Gastric function tests
Other organ function tests
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 21: Water
Water and life
Water turnover and balance
Electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance
Maintenance of blood pH
Disorders of acid-base balance
Blood gas measurement
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 22: Tissue Proteins and Body Fluids
Connective tissue proteins
Contractile proteins
Muscle proteins
Body fluids
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 23: Nutrition
Nutrition and energy supply
Utilization of energy in man
Nutritional importance of carbohydrates
Fiber in nutrition
Nutritional importance of lipids
Nutritional importance of proteins
Nutritional importance of vitamins and minerals
Recommended dietary allowances (rda)
Balanced diet
Nutritional disorders
Other nutritional disorders
Therapeutic diets
Nutritional status and clinical practice
Nutrigenomics
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Section Five: Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology
Chapter 24: DNA-Replication
Replication of DNA
Recombination
Damage and repair of DNA
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 25: Transcription and Translation
Transcription
Reverse transcription
Translation
Protein biosynthesis
Protein targeting
Mitochondrial DNA, transcription and translation
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 26: Regulation of Gene Expression
The operon concept
Tryptophan operon
Gene expression in eukaryotes
Gene regulation in eukaryotes
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Chapter 27: Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
Basic techniques in genetic engineering
DNA in disease diagnosis and medical forensics
Pharmaceutical products of DNA technology
Recombinant vaccines
DNA Vaccines (genetic immunization)
Transgenic animals
Dolly – the transgenic clone
Cloning of pet animals
Biotechnology and society
Summary
Self-Assessment Exercises
Section Six: Current Topics
Chapter 28: Human Genome Project
Summary
Chapter 29: Gene Therapy
Ex vivo gene therapy
Selected examples of ex vivo gene therapy
In vivo gene therapy
Antigene and antisense therapy
Summary
Chapter 30: Bioinformatics
Summary
Chapter 31: Metabolism of Xenobiotics (Detoxification)
Mechanism of detoxification
Summary
Chapter 32: Prostaglandins and Related Compounds
Leukotrienes
Summary
Chapter 33: Biological Membranes and Transport
Summary
Chapter 34: Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Summary
Chapter 35: Environmental Biochemistry
Atmospheric (climatic) changes
Environmental pollution
Carcinogens
Summary
Chapter 36: Insulin
Insulin
Glucagon
Regulation of blood glucose level (homeostasis of blood glucose)
Hypoglycemia
Classification of diabetes mellitus
Summary
Chapter 37: Cancer
Etiology
Molecular basis of cancer
Tumor markers
Characteristics of growing tumor cells
Cancer therapy
Prevention of cancer
Summary
Chapter 38: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Summary
Section Seven: Basics to Learn
Biochemistry
Chapter 39: Introduction to Bioorganic Chemistry
Chapter 40: Overview of Biophysical Chemistry
Water
Acids and bases
Buffers
Solutions
Colloidal state
Diffusion
Osmosis
Donnan membrane equilibrium
Viscosity
Surface tension
Adsorption
Isotopes
Chapter 41: Tools of Biochemistry
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Photometry—colorimeter and spectrophotometer
Fluorimetry
Flame photometry
Ultracentrifugation
Radioimmunoassay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
Hybridoma technology
Chapter 42: Immunology
The immune system
The complement system
The immune response
Cytokines
Immunity in health and disease
Chapter 43: Genetics
Appendices
Appendix I : Abbreviations used in this Book
Appendix II : Origins of Important Biochemical Words
Appendix III : Common Confusables in Biochemistry
Appendix IV : Practical Biochemistry—Principles
Appendix V : Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory
Appendix VI : Case Studies with Biochemical Correlations
Appendix VII : Reference Biochemical Values
Index