Contents

Preface v
Acknowledgments vi

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION 1
   I. Dose–Response Relationships 1
   II. Drug Absorption 6
   III. Drug Distribution 9
   IV. Drug Elimination and Termination of Action 10
   V. Biotransformation (Metabolism) of Drugs 11
   VI. Excretion of Drugs 14
   VII. Pharmacokinetics 15
   Review Test 19
2. DRUGS ACTING ON THE AUTONOMIC
   NERVOUS SYSTEM 26
   I. The Peripheral Efferent Nervous System 26
   II. Parasympathomimetic Drugs 31
   III. Muscarinic-Receptor Antagonists 35
   IV. Ganglion-Blocking Drugs 38
   V. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 38
   VI. Sympathomimetic Drugs 41
   VII. Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists 47
   Review Test 52
3. DRUGS ACTING ON THE RENAL SYSTEM 60
   I. Diuretics 60
   II. Nondiuretic Inhibitors of Tubular Transport 66
   Review Test 68

4. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 72
   I. Agents Used to Treat Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) 72
   II. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 78
   III. Antianginal Agents 83
   IV. Antihypertensive Drugs 85
   V. Drugs that Lower Plasma Lipids 91
   Review Test 95
5. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL
   NERVOUS SYSTEM 100
   I. Sedative–Hypnotic Drugs 100
   II. Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Drugs 105
   III. Antidepressant Drugs 109
   IV. Lithium 114
   V. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists 115
   VI. Antiparkinsonian Drugs and Drugs Used to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease 121
   VII. Antiepileptic Drugs 125
   VIII. General Anesthetics 128
   IX. Local Anesthetics 133
   X. Drugs of Abuse 136
   Review Test 145
6. AUTOCOIDS, ERGOTS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
   AGENTS, AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 150
   I. Histamine and Antihistamines 150
   II. Serotonin and Serotonin Antagonists 154
   III. Ergots 155
   IV. Eicosanoids 157
   V. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 159
   VI. Drugs Used for Gout 167
   VII. Immunosuppressive Agents 168
   Review Test 172
7. DRUGS USED IN ANEMIA AND DISORDERS
   OF HEMOSTASIS 175
   I. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemias 175
   II. Drugs Acting on Myeloid Cells 179
   III. Drugs Used in Hemostatic Disorders 179
   Review Test 186

8. DRUGS ACTING ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 191
   I. Antiemetics 191
   II. Anorexigenics and Appetite Enhancers 193
   III. Agents Used for Upper GI Tract Disorders 193
   IV. Prokinetic Agents 197
   V. Drugs Used to Dissolve Gallstones 197
   VI. Digestive Enzyme Replacements 198
   VII. Agents that Act on the Lower GI Tract 198
   Review Test 202
9. DRUGS ACTING ON THE PULMONARY SYSTEM 206
   I. Introduction to Pulmonary Disorders 206
   II. Agents Used to Treat Asthma and Other Bronchial Disorders 206
   III. Drugs Used to Treat Rhinitis and Cough 212
   Review Test 214
10. DRUGS ACTING ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 216
    I. Hormone Receptors 216
    II. The Hypothalamus 216
    III. The Anterior Pituitary 220
    IV. The Posterior Pituitary 222
    V. Drugs Acting on the Gonadal and Reproductive System 223
    VI. The Adrenal Cortex 232
    VII. The Thyroid 236
    VIII. The Pancreas and Glucose Homeostasis 238
    IX. The Calcium Homeostatic System 243
    X. Retinoic Acid and Derivatives 246
    Review Test 249
11. DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS
    DISEASES 252
    I. Infectious Disease Therapy 252
    II. Antibacterials 253
    III. Antimycobacterial Agents 265
    IV. Antifungal Agents 269
    V. Antiparasitic Drugs 271
    VI. Antiviral Drugs 275
    Review Test 282

12. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 287
    I. Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy 287
    II. Alkylating Agents 288
    III. Antimetabolites 292
    IV. Natural Products 295
    V. Miscellaneous Agents 298
    VI. Steroid Hormone Agonists and Antagonists and Related Drugs 300
    VII. Adjunct Agents 302
    Review Test 304
13. TOXICOLOGY 309
    I. Principles and Terminology 309
    II. Air Pollutants 311
    III. Solvents 313
    IV. Insecticides and Herbicides 313
    V. Fumigants and Rodenticides 315
    VI. Heavy Metal Poisoning and Management 315
    VII. Drug Poisoning 319
    Review Test 321
    Comprehensive Examination 324
    Index 341

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