Course Contents
- CELL PHYSIOLOGY 1
I. Cell Membranes 1
II. Transport Across Cell Membranes 2
III. Osmosis 5
IV. Diffusion Potential, Resting Membrane Potential,
and Action Potential 7
V. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 12
VI. Skeletal Muscle 16
VII. Smooth Muscle 20
VIII. Comparison of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle,
and Cardiac Muscle 22
Review Test 23 - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 31
I. Autonomic Nervous System 31
II. Sensory Systems 35
III. Motor Systems 47
IV. Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex 53
V. Blood–Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid 54
VI. Temperature Regulation 55
Review Test 57 - CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY 64
I. Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System 64
II. Hemodynamics 64
III. Cardiac Electrophysiology 69
IV. Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 74
xii Contents
V. Cardiac Cycle 83
VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure 85
VII. Microcirculation and Lymph 89
VIII. Special Circulations 92
IX. Integrative Functions of the Cardiovascular System: Gravity, Exercise,
and Hemorrhage 95
Review Test 100
- RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY 113
I. Lung Volumes and Capacities 113
II. Mechanics of Breathing 115
III. Gas Exchange 122
IV. Oxygen Transport 123
V. CO2 Transport 128
VI. Pulmonary Circulation 129
VII. V/Q Defects 131
VIII. Control of Breathing 132
IX. Integrated Responses of the Respiratory System 134
Review Test 136 - RENAL AND ACID–BASE PHYSIOLOGY 144
I. Body Fluids 144
II. Renal Clearance, Renal Blood Flow, and Glomerular Filtration Rate 148
III. Reabsorption and Secretion 152
IV. NaCl Regulation 155
V. K Regulation 159
VI. Renal Regulation of Urea, Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium 162
VII. Concentration and Dilution of Urine 163
VIII. Renal Hormones 168
IX. Acid–Base Balance 168
X. Diuretics 177
XI. Integrative Examples 177
Review Test 180 - GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY 190
I. Structure and Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract 190
II. Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal Tract 191
III. Gastrointestinal Motility 195
IV. Gastrointestinal Secretion 199
V. Digestion and Absorption 209
VI. Liver Physiology 214
Review Test 216
- ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY 222
I. Overview of Hormones 222
II. Cell Mechanisms and Second Messengers 224
III. Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) 227
IV. Thyroid Gland 232
V. Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla 235
VI. Endocrine Pancreas—Glucagon and Insulin 242
VII. Calcium Metabolism (Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D,
Calcitonin) 245
VIII. Sexual Differentiation 249
IX. Male Reproduction 250
X. Female Reproduction 253
Review Test 257
Comprehensive Examination 265
Index 287
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