Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
- Cellular and Autonomic Physiology 1
Case 1 Permeability and Simple Diffusion 2
Case 2 Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure, and Osmosis 6
Case 3 Nernst Equation and Equilibrium Potentials 13
Case 4 Primary Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis 19
Case 5 Epidural Anesthesia: Effect of Lidocaine on
Nerve Action Potentials 24
Case 6 Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin and Conduction Velocity 28
Case 7 Myasthenia Gravis: Neuromuscular Transmission 32
Case 8 Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines 36
Case 9 Shy-Drager Syndrome: Central Autonomic Failure 42 - Cardiovascular Physiology 47
Case 10 Essential Cardiovascular Calculations 48
Case 11 Ventricular Pressure—Volume Loops 57
Case 12 Responses to Changes in Posture 64
Case 13 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise 69
Case 14 Renovascular Hypertension:
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteronc System 76
Case 15 Hypovolemic Shock: Regulation of Blood Pressure 81
Case 16 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Right Ventricular Failure 88
Case 17 Myocardial Infarction: Left Ventricular Failure 93
Case 18 Aortic Stenosis 99
Case 19 Atrioventricular Conduction Block 103 - Respiratory Physiology 107
Case 20 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Lung Volumes, Dead Space, and
Alveolar Ventilation 108
Case 21 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Gases and Gas Exchange 114
Case 22 Ascent to High Altitude 120
Case 23 Asthma: Obstructive Lung Disease 126
Case 24 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 136
Case 25 Interstitial Fibrosis: Restrictive Lung Disease 142
Case 26 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 148
Case 27 Pneumothorax 153
vii
Viii CONTENTS - Renal and Acid-Base Physiology 157
Case 28 Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology 158
Case 29 Essential Calculations in Acid–Base Physiology 165
Case 30 Glucosuria: Diabetes Mellitus 172
Case 31 Hyperaldosteronisin: Conn’s Syndrome 177
Case 32 Central Diabetes Insipidus 186
Case 33 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone 194
Case 34 Metabolic Acidosis: Diabetic Ketoacidosis 198
Case 35 Metabolic Acidosis: Diarrhea 205
Case 36 Metabolic Acidosis: Methanol Poisoning 209
Case 37 Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting 213
Case 38 Respiratory Acidosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 220
Case 39 Respiratory Alkalosis: Hysterical Hyperventilation 224
S. Gastrointestinal Physiology 229
Case 40 Malabsorption of Carbohydrates: Lactose Intolerance 230
Case 41 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 235
Case 42 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Helicobacter pylori Infection 243
Case 43 Secretory Diarrhea: Escherichia coli Infection 247
Case 44 Bile Acid Deficiency: Ileal Resection 251 - Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology 257
Case 45 Galactorrhea and Amenorrhea: Prolactinoma 258
Case 46 Hyperthyroidism: Graves’ Disease 262
Case 47 Hypothyroidism: Autoimmune Thyroiditis 269
Case 48 Adrenocortical Excess: Cushing’s Syndrome 273
Case 49 Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Addison’s Disease 280
Case 50 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 2113-Hydroxylase Deficiency 285
Case 51 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 288
Case 52 Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy 292
Case 53 Hyperglycemia: Type I Diabetes Mellitus 296
Case 54 Primary Amenorrhea: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome 301
Case 55 Male Hypogonadism: Kallmann’s Syndrome 305
Case 56 Male Pseudohermaphroditism: 5a-Reductase Deficiency 308
Appendix 313
Index 315
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