Contents
PART I NEUROANATOMY & NEUROANATOMIC LOCALIZATION 1 Diagnostic Reasoning in Neurology & the Neurologic History & Examination Localization in Neurologic Diagnosis: Determining Where the Problem is Time Course in Neurologic Diagnosis: Determining What the Problem is Associated Symptoms & Signs in Neurologic Diagnosis Introduction to the Neurologic Examination 2 Introduction to Neuroimaging & Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice Overview of Neuroimaging Interpretation Interpretation of Brain CT Interpretation of Brain MRI Contrast-Enhanced Neuroimaging Vascular Imaging Nuclear Medicine Studies: Positron Emission Tomography & Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Neuroimaging of the Spine Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis 3 Overview of the Anatomy of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hemispheres & Lobes of the Brain Gray Matter & White Matter of the Brain & Spinal Cord The Meninges: Coverings of the Brain & Spinal Cord The Cerebral Venous Sinuses The Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow 4 The Motor and Somatosensory Pathways & Approach to Weakness and Sensory Loss The Corticospinal Tracts The Corticobulbar Tracts Somatosensory Pathways for the Body Localization of Motor & Sensory Deficits 5 The Spinal Cord & Approach to Myelopathy Overview of Spinal Cord Anatomy Lamination of the Long Tracts in the Spinal Cord Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal Cord Pathways for Bowel & Bladder Control Causes of Myelopathy 6 The Visual Pathway & Approach to Visual Loss Anatomy of the Visual Pathway Approach to Visual Loss Disorders of Visual Cognition 7 The Cerebral Hemispheres & Vascular Syndromes Cortical Regions Subcortical Structures: Thalamus & Basal Ganglia Arterial Supply of the Cerebral Hemispheres Clinical Syndromes Associated With Cerebral Vascular Territories 8 The Cerebellum & Approach to Ataxia Anatomy & Function of the Cerebellum Arterial Supply of the Cerebellum Approach to Ataxia 9 The Brainstem & Cranial Nerves Overview of Brainstem Anatomy Clinical Applications of Brainstem Anatomy 10 Pupillary Control & Approach to Anisocoria Cranial Nerves 2 & 3 Pupillary Constriction: The Parasympathetic Pathway Pupillary Dilation: The Sympathetic Pathway Approach to Anisocoria and Other Pupillary Abnormalities 11 Extraocular Movements & Approach to Diplopia Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 Extraocular Movements I: Muscles & Their Innervation Extraocular Movements II: Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 Extraocular Movements III: Supranuclear Control of Horizontal & Vertical Gaze Approach to Diplopia 12 The Auditory and Vestibular Pathways & Approach to Hearing Loss and Dizziness/Vertigo Cranial Nerve 8 The Auditory System Approach to Hearing Loss The Vestibular System Approach to Dizziness & Vertigo 13 Facial Sensory and Motor Pathways & Approach to Facial Sensory and Motor Deficits Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve 5) Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve 7) 14 Cranial Nerves 1, 9, 10, 11, & 12 Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory Nerve) Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal) & Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus) Cranial Nerve 11 (Spinal Accessory) Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal) 15 The Peripheral Nervous System & Introduction to Electromyography/ Nerve Conduction Studies Introduction to Anatomy & Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy & Diseases of Nerve Roots: Radiculopathy Diseases of Dorsal Root Ganglia: Ganglionopathy (Sensory Neuronopathy) Diseases of the Brachial or Lumbosacral Plexus: Plexopathy Diseases of Peripheral Nerves Introduction to EMG & Nerve Conduction Studies 16 Radiculopathy, Plexopathy, & Mononeuropathies of the Upper Extremity Neuroanatomy of the Upper Extremity Cervical Radiculopathy & Cervical Stenosis Brachial Plexopathy Mononeuropathies of the Upper Extremity 17 Radiculopathy, Plexopathy, & Mononeuropathies of the Lower Extremity Neuroanatomy of the Lower Extremity Lumbosacral Radiculopathy & Lumbar Canal Stenosis Lumbosacral Plexopathy Mononeuropathies of the Lower Extremity Approach to Foot Drop PART II DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 18 Seizures & Epilepsy Definitions & Causes of Seizures & Epilepsy Evaluation of Patients With Seizures Clinical Features of Seizures Electroencephalography (EEG) in the Evaluation of Seizures Evaluation & Management of Patients After a First Seizure Outpatient Management of Epilepsy Special Scenarios in the Management of Seizures & Epilepsy Status Epilepticus 19 Vascular Diseases of the Brain & Spinal Cord Overview of Ischemic Stroke & Intracerebral Hemorrhage Ischemic Stroke Intracerebral Hemorrhage Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Intraventricular Hemorrhage Subdural Hematoma Epidural Hematoma Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis & Cortical Vein Thrombosis Other Cerebrovascular Disorders Vascular Disease of the Spinal Cord 20 Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System Meningitis Viral Encephalitis Focal Infectious Brain Lesions Infections of the Spine Infections of Nerve Roots Infectious Peripheral Neuropathies Infection at the Neuromuscular Junction: Botulism Infectious Myositis Neurologic Manifestations of HIV 21 Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System Multiple Sclerosis Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (Mog) Antibody Disease Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Optic Neuritis Transverse Myelitis 22 Delirium, Dementia, & Rapidly Progressive Dementia Approach to Altered Cognition Delirium Dementia Rapidly Progressive Dementia 23 Movement Disorders Introduction to Movement Disorders Tremor Myoclonus Chorea Dystonia Tics, Tourette’s Syndrome, & Sterotypies Parkinsonism, Parkinson’s Disease, & Parkinson-Plus Syndromes Functional Movement Disorders Other Movement Disorders 24 Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System & Neurologic Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Intracranial Tumors Tumors of the Spine Tumors of the Cranial Nerves Tumors of the Peripheral Nervous System Neurocutaneous Syndromes & Associated Nervous System Neoplasms Neurotoxicity of Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy Paraneoplastic/Antibody-Mediated Syndromes of the Nervous System Cerebrovascular Complications of Cancer 25 Disorders of Intracranial Pressure Increased Intracranial Pressure (Intracranial Hypertension) Decreased Intracranial Pressure (Intracranial Hypotension) 26 Headache Approach to Headache Secondary Causes of Headache Primary Headache Disorders Other Causes of Headache 27 Peripheral Neuropathy Classification & Differential Diagnosis of Peripheral Polyneuropathy Acute Polyneuropathy Chronic Polyneuropathy 28 Motor Neuron Disease Overview of Motor Neuron Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) & Its Variants Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) & Spinal Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (Kennedy’s Disease) 29 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction Myasthenia Gravis Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes & Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 30 Diseases of Muscle Causes of Muscle Disease Clinical Features of Muscle Disease Laboratory Testing in Muscle Disease Inflammatory Myopathies Muscular Dystrophies Distal Myopathies (Distal Muscular Dystrophies) Congenital Muscular Dystrophies & Congenital Myopathies Metabolic Myopathies Mitochondrial Myopathies Hyperkalemic & Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Muscle Disease Due to Systemic Diseases & Medications 31 Leukodystrophies & Mitochondrial Diseases Leukodystrophies Mitochondrial Diseases Index