Contents
UNIT I
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and
General Physiology
CHAPTER 1
Functional Organization of the Human Body
and Control of the “Internal Environment” 3
CHAPTER 2
The Cell and Its Functions 10
CHAPTER 3
Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis,
Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction 20
UNIT II
Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle
CHAPTER 4
Transport of Substances through Cell
Membranes 31
CHAPTER 5
Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials 38
CHAPTER 6
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 45
CHAPTER 7
Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular
Transmission and Excitation-Contraction
Coupling 53
CHAPTER 8
Excitation and Contraction of
Smooth Muscle 57
UNIT III
The Heart
CHAPTER 9
Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump
and Function of the Heart Valves 65
CHAPTER 10
Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart 73
CHAPTER 11
The Normal Electrocardiogram 78
CHAPTER 12
Electrocardiographic Interpretation of
Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow
Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis 81
CHAPTER 13
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their
Electrocardiographic Interpretation 86
UNIT IV
The Circulation
CHAPTER 14
Overview of the Circulation; Biophysics of
Pressure, Flow, and Resistance 93
CHAPTER 15
Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the
Arterial and Venous Systems 99
CHAPTER 16
The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System:
Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid,
and Lymph Flow 106
CHAPTER 17
Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow 116
CHAPTER 18
Nervous Regulation of the Circulation, and
Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure 124
CHAPTER 19
Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of
Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The
Integrated System for Arterial Pressure
Regulation 133
CHAPTER 20
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their
Regulation 145
CHAPTER 21
Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output
During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation
and Ischemic Heart Disease 152
CHAPTER 22
Cardiac Failure 159
CHAPTER 23
Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular
and Congenital Heart Defects 165
CHAPTER 24
Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment 171
UNIT V
The Body Fluids and Kidneys
CHAPTER 25
The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular
and Intracellular Fluids; Edema 181
CHAPTER 26
Urine Formation by the Kidneys:
I. Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow,
and Their Control 191
CHAPTER 27
Urine Formation by the Kidneys: II. Tubular
Reabsorption and Secretion 201
CHAPTER 28
Urine Concentration and Dilution;
Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity
and Sodium Concentration 214
CHAPTER 29
Renal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium,
Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of
Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood
Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume 223
CHAPTER 30
Acid-Base Regulation 236
CHAPTER 31
Diuretics, Kidney Diseases 248
UNIT VI
Blood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation
CHAPTER 32
Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia 259
CHAPTER 33
Resistance of the Body to Infection:
I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the
Monocyte-Macrophage System, and
Inflammation 265
CHAPTER 34
Resistance of the Body to Infection:
II. Immunity and Allergy Innate Immunity 271
CHAPTER 35
Blood Types; Transfusion; Tissue
and Organ Transplantation 279
CHAPTER 36
Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation 282
UNIT VII
Respiration
CHAPTER 37
Pulmonary Ventilation 291
CHAPTER 38
Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema,
Pleural Fluid 298
CHAPTER 39
Physical Principles of Gas Exchange;
Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
through the Respiratory Membrane 305
CHAPTER 40
Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
in Blood and Tissue Fluids 314
CHAPTER 41
Regulation of Respiration 320
CHAPTER 42
Respiratory Insufficiency—Pathophysiology,
Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy 324
UNIT VIII
Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving
Physiology
CHAPTER 43
Aviation, High-Altitude, and Space Physiology 333
CHAPTER 44
Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other
Hyperbaric Conditions 338
UNIT IX
The Nervous System: A. General Principles
and Sensory Physiology
CHAPTER 45
Organization of the Nervous System,
Basic Functions of Synapses, and
Neurotransmitters 345
CHAPTER 46
Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for
Processing Information 353
CHAPTER 47
Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization,
the Tactile and Position Senses 359
CHAPTER 48
Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache,
and Thermal Sensations 366
UNIT X
The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses
CHAPTER 49
The Eye: I. Optics of Vision 377
CHAPTER 50
The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function
of the Retina 382
CHAPTER 51
The Eye: III. Central Neurophysiology
of Vision 392
CHAPTER 52
The Sense of Hearing 398
CHAPTER 53
The Chemical Senses—Taste and Smell 404
UNIT XI
The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative
Neurophysiology
CHAPTER 54
Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord;
the Cord Reflexes 411
CHAPTER 55
Cortical and Brain Stem Control
of Motor Function 418
CHAPTER 56
Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal
Ganglia to Overall Motor Control 427
CHAPTER 57
Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of
the Brain, Learning, and Memory 439
CHAPTER 58
Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of
the Brain—The Limbic System and
the Hypothalamus 447
CHAPTER 59
States of Brain Activity—Sleep, Brain Waves,
Epilepsy, Psychoses 453
CHAPTER 60
The Autonomic Nervous System and the
Adrenal Medulla 458
CHAPTER 61
Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid,
and Brain Metabolism 468
UNIT XII
Gastrointestinal Physiology
CHAPTER 62
General Principles of Gastrointestinal
Function—Motility, Nervous Control, and
Blood Circulation 477
CHAPTER 63
Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the
Alimentary Tract 484
CHAPTER 64
Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract 489
CHAPTER 65
Digestion and Absorption in the
Gastrointestinal Tract 496
CHAPTER 66
Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders 502
UNIT XIII
Metabolism and Temperature Regulation
CHAPTER 67
Metabolism of Carbohydrates, and Formation
of Adenosine Triphosphate 509
CHAPTER 68
Lipid Metabolism 516
CHAPTER 69
Protein Metabolism 525
CHAPTER 70
The Liver as an Organ 529
CHAPTER 71
Dietary Balances; Regulation of Feeding;
Obesity and Starvation; Vitamins and
Minerals 534
CHAPTER 72
Energetics and Metabolic Rate 546
CHAPTER 73
Body Temperature Regulation, and Fever 549
UNIT XIV
Endocrinology and Reproduction
CHAPTER 74
Introduction to Endocrinology 557
CHAPTER 75
Pituitary Hormones and Their Control
by the Hypothalamus 563
CHAPTER 76
Thyroid Metabolic Hormones 573
CHAPTER 77
Adrenocortical Hormones 581
CHAPTER 78
Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus 591
CHAPTER 79
Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium
and Phosphate Metabolism, Vitamin D, Bone,
and Teeth 600
CHAPTER 80
Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of
the Male (and Function of the Pineal Gland) 608
CHAPTER 81
Female Physiology Before Pregnancy
and Female Hormones 613
CHAPTER 82
Pregnancy and Lactation 622
CHAPTER 83
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology 630
UNIT XV
Sports Physiology
CHAPTER 84
Sports Physiology 637
Index 645
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