Brief Contents
CHAPTER 1 Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing, or Why Do I Need to Take Statistics?
CHAPTER 2 Statistical Essentials I
CHAPTER 3 Statistical Essentials II: Measurement
CHAPTER 4 Working with Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics Software (SPSS)®
CHAPTER 5 Organizing and Displaying Data
CHAPTER 6 Descriptive Statistics
CHAPTER 7 Hypothesis Testing
CHAPTER 8 Getting Ready for the Analysis
CHAPTER 9 Examining Relationships Between and Among Variables
CHAPTER 10 Modeling Relationships
CHAPTER 11 Tests for Comparing Group Means: Part I
CHAPTER 12 Tests for Comparing Group Means: Part II
CHAPTER 13 Nonparametric Tests
CHAPTER 14 Categorical Data Analysis: Nonparametric Tests of Association
CHAPTER 15 Avoiding Common Statistical Mistakes
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing, or Why Do I Need to
Take Statistics?
Introduction
Statistics and Evidence-Based Practice
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 2 Statistical Essentials I
Statistics
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 3 Statistical Essentials II: Measurement
Variables and Data
Levels of Measurements
Reliability and Validity
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 4 Working with Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics
Software (SPSS)®
Introduction to Spreadsheet and Statistical Software Packages
Basic Features of Microsoft Excel
Basic Features of SPSS
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 5 Organizing and Displaying Data
Introduction
Grouping Data
Graphs and Charts
Other Graphs and Charts
Presenting the Data in the Best Format
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 6 Descriptive Statistics
Introduction
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Normal Distribution
Confidence Interval
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 7 Hypothesis Testing
Introduction
General Steps In Hypothesis Testing
Hypotheses
Hypothesis Testing with an Example
Effect Size
Statistical Power
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 8 Getting Ready for the Analysis
Introduction
Missing Data
Outliers
Assumptions of Parametric Tests
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
CHAPTER 9 Examining Relationships Between and Among Variables
Introduction
Measuring Relationships
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
Reference
CHAPTER 10 Modeling Relationships
Introduction
Doing and Interpreting Simple Linear Regression
Multiple Linear Regression
Logistic Regression
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 11 Tests for Comparing Group Means: Part I
Introduction
Choosing the Right Statistical Test
One-Sample t-Test
t-Test for Independent Groups
t-Test for Dependent Groups
One-Way Analysis of Variance
Multiple Comparisons
Reporting Planned Contrasts and/or Post Hoc Tests
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
Reference
CHAPTER 12 Tests for Comparing Group Means: Part II
Introduction
Choosing the Right Statistical Test
ANCOVA
Factorial Analaysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Repeated Measures ANOVA
MANOVA
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 13 Nonparametric Tests
Introduction
Comparing Two Independent Groups: Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test and/or Mann–Whitney Test
Comparing Two Dependent Groups: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Comparing Several Independent Groups: Kruskal–Wallis Test
Comparing Several Dependent Groups: Friedman’s ANOVA
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
Reference
CHAPTER 14 Categorical Data Analysis: Nonparametric Tests of
Association
Introduction
Chi-Square (χ2) Test
Fisher’s Exact Test
Phi and Cramer’s V
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
CHAPTER 15 Avoiding Common Statistical Mistakes
Introduction
Mistake 1: Overlooking the Importance of Checking Assumptions
Mistake 2: Arbitrarily Selecting the Sample Size
Mistake 3: Deleting Missing Data without Justification
Mistake 4: Mispresentation of the Data
Mistake 5: Implying Causation from Correlation
Mistake 6: Confusing Statistical Results with a Small P-Value with Practical or Clinical Importance
Mistake 7: Extrapolating a Regression Prediction Line
Mistake 8: Confusing Paired Data and Nonpaired Data
Mistake 9: Selecting Inappropriate Statistical Tests
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Self-Quiz
References
Appendix A: Random Number Table
Appendix B: How to Select the Correct Statistical Test
Appendix C: Critical Values