Contents
| CHAPTER 1 The Back 5 SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 5 Dissection Overview 5 • SURFACE ANATOMY 5 • VERTEBRAL COLUMN 6 Dissection Instructions 9 • SKIN INCISIONS 9 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 9 Dissection Follow-up 10 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 10 Dissection Overview 10 Dissection Instructions 10 • TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE 10 • LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE 11 • RHOMBOID MAJOR AND RHOMBOID MINOR MUSCLES 11 • LEVATOR SCAPULAE MUSCLE 12 Dissection Follow-up 12 INTERMEDIATE AND DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK 13 Dissection Overview 13 Dissection Instructions 13 • SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR MUSCLE 13 • SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR MUSCLE 13 • SPLENIUS MUSCLE 14 • ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES 14 • SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS MUSCLE 14 • SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE 14 • MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE 15 Dissection Follow-up 15 SUBOCCIPITAL REGION 16 Dissection Overview 16 • SKELETON OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL REGION 16 Dissection Instructions 16 • SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES 16 • CONTENTS OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE 16 Dissection Follow-up 17 VERTEBRAL CANAL, SPINAL CORD, AND MENINGES 18 Dissection Overview 18 Dissection Instructions 19 • LAMINECTOMY 19 • SPINAL MENINGES 20 Dissection Follow-up 22 CHAPTER 2 The Up p er Limb 23 SCAPULAR REGION AND POSTERIOR ARM 23 Dissection Overview 23 • SKELETON OF THE SCAPULAR REGION 23 Dissection Instructions 24 • POSTERIOR SHOULDER MUSCLES 24 • ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES 25 • POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM 26 Dissection Follow-up 27 SUPERFICIAL VEINS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 28 Dissection Overview 28 • SURFACE ANATOMY 28 Dissection Instructions 29 • SKIN INCISIONS 29 • SUPERFICIAL VEINS 29 • CUTANEOUS NERVES 30 Dissection Follow-up 31 PECTORAL REGION 31 Dissection Overview 31 Dissection Instructions 31 • BREAST 31 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 31 Dissection Follow-up 32 MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL REGION 32 Dissection Overview 32 Dissection Instructions 33 • MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL REGION 33 Dissection Follow-up 34 AXILLA 35 Dissection Overview 35 Dissection Instructions 35 • AXILLA 35 • AXILLARY ARTERY 36 • BRACHIAL PLEXUS 37 Dissection Follow-up 38 ARM (BRACHIUM) AND CUBITAL FOSSA 39 Dissection Overview 39 • SKELETON OF THE ARM AND CUBITAL REGION 39 Dissection Instructions 40 • ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM MUSCLES 40 • NEUROVASCULATURE OF THE ARM 41 • CUBITAL FOSSA 42 Dissection Follow-up 43 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BACK 44 SCAPULAR REGION AND POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM 44 FLEXOR REGION OF THE FOREARM 44 Dissection Overview 44 • SKELETON OF THE FOREARM 45 | Dissection Instructions 45 • SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 45 • INTERMEDIATE LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 47 • VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM 47 • DEEP LAYER OF FLEXOR MUSCLES 50 Dissection Follow-up 51 PALM OF THE HAND 52 Dissection Overview 52 • SKELETON OF THE HAND 52 Dissection Instructions 53 • SKIN INCISIONS 53 • SUPERFICIAL PALM 53 • CARPAL TUNNEL 55 • THENAR MUSCLES 56 • HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES 57 • DEEP PALM 57 Dissection Follow-up 58 EXTENSOR REGION OF THE FOREARM AND DORSUM OF THE HAND 59 Dissection Overview 59 Dissection Instructions 60 • SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF EXTENSOR MUSCLES 60 • DEEP LAYER OF EXTENSOR MUSCLES 62 Dissection Follow-up 64 JOINTS OF THE UPPER LIMB 65 Dissection Overview 65 Dissection Instructions 66 • STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT 66 • ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT 66 • GLENOHUMERAL JOINT 67 • ELBOW JOINT AND PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT 68 • INTERMEDIATE RADIOULNAR JOINT 69 • DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT AND WRIST JOINT 69 • METACARPOPHALANGEAL AND INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS 70 Dissection Follow-up 71 CHAPTER 3 The Thorax 73 PECTORAL REGION 73 INTERCOSTAL SPACE AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES 73 Dissection Overview 73 • SURFACE ANATOMY 73 • SKELETON OF THE THORAX 74 Dissection Instructions 75 Dissection Follow-up 76 REMOVAL OF THE ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL; THE PLEURAL CAVITIES 77 Dissection Overview 77 Dissection Instructions 77 • ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL 77 • PLEURAL CAVITIES 78 Dissection Follow-up 79 LUNGS 80 Dissection Overview 80 Dissection Instructions 80 • LUNGS IN THE THORAX 80 • REMOVAL OF THE LUNGS 80 Dissection Follow-up 83 MEDIASTINUM 83 Dissection Overview 83 Dissection Instructions 83 • MEDIASTINUM 83 • HEART IN THE THORAX 84 • REMOVAL OF THE HEART 86 Dissection Follow-up 86 EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 86 Dissection Overview 86 Dissection Instructions 87 • SURFACE FEATURES 87 • CARDIAC VEINS 87 • CORONARY ARTERIES 88 Dissection Follow-up 89 INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART 89 Dissection Overview 89 Dissection Instructions 89 • RIGHT ATRIUM 89 • RIGHT VENTRICLE 90 • LEFT ATRIUM 92 • LEFT VENTRICLE 92 Dissection Follow-up 93 SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM 93 Dissection Overview 93 Dissection Instructions 93 • SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM 93 Dissection Follow-up 95 POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 95 Dissection Overview 95 Dissection Instructions 96 • POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 96 Dissection Follow-up 98 CHAPTER 4 The Ab d omen 99 SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL 99 Dissection Overview 99 • SURFACE ANATOMY 99 Dissection Instructions 101 • SKIN INCISIONS 101 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 101 Dissection Follow-up 102 MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL 102 Dissection Overview 102 • SKELETON OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL 102 Dissection Instructions 103 • EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE 103 • INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE 104 • TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE 105 • RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE 106 • DEEP INGUINAL RING 108 Dissection Follow-up 109 REFLECTION OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL 110 Dissection Overview 110 Dissection Instructions 110 • FOUR ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS 110 • ABDOMINAL WALL REFLECTION 111 Dissection Follow-up 113 |
| PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY 113 Dissection Overview 113 Dissection Instructions 113 • ABDOMINAL VISCERA 113 • REFLECTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM 114 • PERITONEUM 115 Dissection Follow-up 117 CELIAC TRUNK, STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, AND GALLBLADDER 117 Dissection Overview 117 Dissection Instructions 117 • PORTAL TRIAD 118 • CELIAC TRUNK 118 • SPLEEN 120 • LIVER 120 • GALLBLADDER 121 Dissection Follow-up 122 SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND SMALL INTESTINE 122 Dissection Overview 122 Dissection Instructions 123 • SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND SMALL INTESTINE 123 • SMALL INTESTINE 124 Dissection Follow-up 125 INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND LARGE INTESTINE 125 Dissection Overview 125 Dissection Instructions 125 • INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY 125 • LARGE INTESTINE 126 Dissection Follow-up 127 DUODENUM, PANCREAS, AND HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN 127 Dissection Overview 127 Dissection Instructions 127 • DUODENUM 127 • PANCREAS 127 • HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN 128 Dissection Follow-up 129 REMOVAL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 129 Dissection Overview 129 Dissection Instructions 129 • OPENING THE STOMACH 129 • OPENING THE SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE 129 • REMOVAL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 130 Dissection Follow-up 131 POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA 131 Dissection Overview 131 Dissection Instructions 132 • KIDNEYS 133 • SUPRARENAL GLANDS 135 • ABDOMINAL AORTA AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA 136 Dissection Follow-up 136 POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 136 Dissection Overview 136 Dissection Instructions 137 • LUMBAR PLEXUS 137 • ABDOMINAL PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK 138 Dissection Follow-up 138 | DIAPHRAGM 139 Dissection Overview 139 Dissection Instructions 139 Dissection Follow-up 140 CHAPTER 5 The Pelvis and Perin eum 141 ANAL TRIANGLE 141 Dissection Overview 141 • SKELETON OF THE PELVIS 142 Dissection Instructions 144 • SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA REMOVAL 144 • ISCHIOANAL FOSSA 144 Dissection Follow-up 145 MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PERINEUM 146 Dissection Overview 146 Dissection Instructions 146 • SCROTUM 146 • SPERMATIC CORD 147 • TESTIS 147 Dissection Follow-up 148 MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE 148 Dissection Overview 148 Dissection Instructions 148 • SKIN REMOVAL 148 • MALE SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH 149 • PENIS 151 • SPONGY (PENILE) URETHRA 152 • MALE DEEP PERINEAL POUCH 153 Dissection Follow-up 153 MALE PELVIC CAVITY 154 Dissection Overview 154 Dissection Instructions 154 • MALE PERITONEUM 154 • SECTION OF THE MALE PELVIS 155 • MALE INTERNAL GENITALIA 155 Dissection Follow-up 157 MALE URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND ANAL CANAL 158 Dissection Overview 158 Dissection Instructions 158 • MALE URINARY BLADDER 158 • MALE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL 159 Dissection Follow-up 160 MALE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND SACRAL PLEXUS 160 Dissection Overview 160 Dissection Instructions 160 • BLOOD VESSELS 160 • NERVES 161 Dissection Follow-up 163 MALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 163 Dissection Overview 163 Dissection Instructions 163 Dissection Follow-up 165 |
| xvi • CONTENTS GLUTEAL REGION 197 Dissection Overview 197 • SKELETON OF THE GLUTEAL REGION 197 Dissection Instructions 198 • GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE 198 • GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS MUSCLES 199 • EXTERNAL ROTATORS OF THE HIP 200 Dissection Follow-up 200 POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA 201 Dissection Overview 201 • SKELETON OF THE POSTERIOR THIGH 201 Dissection Instructions 202 • POSTERIOR THIGH 202 • POPLITEAL FOSSA 202 Dissection Follow-up 204 POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 205 Dissection Overview 205 • SKELETON OF THE LEG 206 • SKELETON OF THE FOOT 206 Dissection Instructions 207 • SUPERFICIAL COMPARTMENT OF POSTERIOR LEG 207 • DEEP COMPARTMENT OF POSTERIOR LEG 208 Dissection Follow-up 210 LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG 211 Dissection Overview 211 Dissection Instructions 211 Dissection Follow-up 212 ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG AND DORSUM OF THE FOOT 213 Dissection Overview 213 Dissection Instructions 213 • ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES 213 • DORSUM OF THE FOOT 215 Dissection Follow-up 215 SOLE OF THE FOOT 216 Dissection Overview 216 Dissection Instructions 216 • PLANTAR APONEUROSIS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 216 • FIRST LAYER OF THE SOLE 217 • SECOND LAYER OF THE SOLE 218 • THIRD LAYER OF THE SOLE 218 • FOURTH LAYER OF THE SOLE 219 Dissection Follow-up 221 JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB 222 Dissection Overview 222 Dissection Instructions 222 • HIP JOINT 222 • KNEE JOINT POSTERIOR APPROACH 223 • KNEE JOINT ANTERIOR APPROACH 225 • ANKLE JOINT 225 • JOINTS OF INVERSION AND EVERSION 226 Dissection Follow-up 227 CHAPTER 7 The Head And Neck 229 SUPERFICIAL NECK 229 Dissection Overview 229 • SKELETON OF THE NECK 229 • ORGANIZATION OF THE NECK 230 FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA, UROGENITAL TRIANGLE, AND PERINEUM 165 Dissection Overview 165 Dissection Instructions 165 • LABIUM MAJUS 165 • FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA 166 • SKIN REMOVAL 166 • FEMALE SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH AND CLITORIS 167 • FEMALE DEEP PERINEAL POUCH 169 Dissection Follow-up 170 FEMALE PELVIC CAVITY 171 Dissection Overview 171 Dissection Instructions 171 • FEMALE PERITONEUM 171 • BROAD LIGAMENT 171 • SECTION OF THE FEMALE PELVIS 172 • FEMALE INTERNAL GENITALIA 173 Dissection Follow-up 175 FEMALE URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, AND ANAL CANAL 175 Dissection Overview 175 Dissection Instructions 175 • FEMALE URINARY BLADDER 175 • FEMALE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL 176 Dissection Follow-up 177 FEMALE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND SACRAL PLEXUS 178 Dissection Overview 178 Dissection Instructions 178 • BLOOD VESSELS 178 • NERVES 179 Dissection Follow-up 180 FEMALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM 180 Dissection Overview 180 Dissection Instructions 182 Dissection Follow-up 182 CHAPTER 6 The Lower Limb 183 SUPERFICIAL VEINS AND CUTANEOUS NERVES 183 Dissection Overview 183 • SURFACE ANATOMY 183 • SKELETON OF THE ANTERIOR THIGH 184 Dissection Instructions 184 • SKIN INCISIONS 184 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE POSTERIOR LOWER LIMB 185 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LIMB 187 Dissection Follow-up 188 ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 188 Dissection Overview 188 Dissection Instructions 189 • SAPHENOUS OPENING 189 • FEMORAL TRIANGLE 189 • ADDUCTOR CANAL AND SARTORIUS MUSCLE 191 • QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE 192 • TENSOR OF FASCIA LATA MUSCLE 193 Dissection Follow-up 193 MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH 194 Dissection Overview 194 Dissection Instructions 194 Dissection Follow-up 196 | Dissection Instructions 231 • SKIN REMOVAL 231 • POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK 231 Dissection Follow-up 233 ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK 234 Dissection Overview 234 • BONES AND CARTILAGES OF THE NECK 234 Dissection Instructions 235 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA 235 • MUSCULAR TRIANGLE 235 • SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE 235 • SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE 236 • CAROTID TRIANGLE 236 Dissection Follow-up 239 THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS 240 Dissection Overview 240 Dissection Instructions 240 Dissection Follow-up 241 ROOT OF THE NECK 241 Dissection Overview 241 Dissection Instructions 241 Dissection Follow-up 243 HEAD 244 FACE 244 Dissection Overview 244 • SURFACE ANATOMY 244 • SKULL 245 Dissection Instructions 248 • SKIN INCISIONS 248 • SUPERFICIAL FASCIA AND FACIAL NERVE 248 • FACIAL ARTERY AND VEIN 250 • MUSCLES AROUND THE ORBITAL OPENING 250 • MUSCLES AROUND THE ORAL OPENING 250 • SENSORY NERVES OF THE FACE 251 Dissection Follow-up 251 PAROTID REGION 252 Dissection Overview 252 • SKELETON OF THE PAROTID REGION 252 Dissection Instructions 253 Dissection Follow-up 254 SCALP 254 Dissection Overview 254 Dissection Instructions 255 Dissection Follow-up 256 TEMPORAL REGION 256 Dissection Overview 256 • SKELETON OF THE TEMPORAL REGION 256 Dissection Instructions 258 • MASSETER MUSCLE AND REMOVAL OF THE ZYGOMATIC ARCH 258 • TEMPORAL REGION 258 • INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA 259 • MAXILLARY ARTERY 259 • PTERYGOID MUSCLES 260 • TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT 261 Dissection Follow-up 262 INTERIOR OF THE SKULL 263 Dissection Overview 263 Dissection Instructions 263 • REMOVAL OF THE CALVARIA 263 • CRANIAL MENINGES 264 Dissection Follow-up 265 REMOVAL OF THE BRAIN 266 Dissection Overview 266 • CRANIAL FOSSAE 266 Dissection Instructions 267 Dissection Follow-up 267 DURAL INFOLDINGS AND DURAL VENOUS SINUSES 267 Dissection Overview 267 Dissection Instructions 267 • DURAL INFOLDINGS 267 • DURAL VENOUS SINUSES 268 Dissection Follow-up 269 GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 269 Dissection Overview 269 Dissection Instructions 269 • BRAIN 269 • BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN 269 • CRANIAL NERVES 270 Dissection Follow-up 271 CRANIAL FOSSAE 271 Dissection Overview 271 • SKELETON OF THE CRANIAL BASE 271 Dissection Instructions 273 • ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 273 • MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA 274 • POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 275 Dissection Follow-up 275 ORBIT 276 Dissection Overview 276 • SKELETON OF THE ORBIT 276 • SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE EYEBALL 277 Dissection Instructions 278 • EYELID AND LACRIMAL APPARATUS 278 • RIGHT ORBIT FROM THE SUPERIOR APPROACH 279 • CONTENTS OF THE ORBIT 280 • LEFT ORBIT FROM THE ANTERIOR APPROACH 281 Dissection Follow-up 283 DISARTICULATION OF THE HEAD 283 Dissection Overview 283 • SKELETON OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL REGION 283 Dissection Instructions 284 • RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE 284 • DISARTICULATION OF THE HEAD 285 • PREVERTEBRAL AND LATERAL VERTEBRAL REGIONS 285 Dissection Follow-up 286 PHARYNX 286 Dissection Overview 286 Dissection Instructions 286 • MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNGEAL WALL 286 • NERVES OF THE PHARYNX 287 • OPENING THE PHARYNX 288 • BISECTION OF THE HEAD 288 • INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE PHARYNX 289 Dissection Follow-up 290 NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY 290 Dissection Overview 290 • SKELETON OF THE NASAL CAVITY 291 Dissection Instructions 292 • EXTERNAL NOSE 292 • NASAL SEPTUM 292 • LATERAL WALL OF THE NASAL CAVITY 293 Dissection Follow-up 294 |
| xviii • CONTENTS Dissection Instructions 305 • INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX 305 • INTERIOR OF THE LARYNX 306 Dissection Follow-up 307 EAR 307 Dissection Overview 307 • SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR 308 • SKELETON OF THE EAR 308 Dissection Instructions 309 • MIDDLE EAR (TYMPANIC CAVITY) 309 • WALLS OF THE TYMPANIC CAVITY 311 • INTERNAL EAR 312 Dissection Follow-up 312 Index 313 HARD PALATE AND SOFT PALATE 294 Dissection Overview 294 • SKELETON OF THE PALATE 295 | Dissection Instructions 296 • SOFT PALATE 296 • TONSILLAR BED 298 • SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA 298 Dissection Follow-up 299 ORAL REGION 300 Dissection Overview 300 • SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE ORAL VESTIBULE 300 • SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY PROPER 300 Dissection Instructions 301 • TONGUE 301 • BISECTION OF THE TONGUE AND MANDIBLE 301 • SUBLINGUAL REGION 301 Dissection Follow-up 303 LARYNX 303 Dissection Overview 303 • SKELETON OF THE LARYNX 304 |