Brief Contents
Part One Introduction
1 Tapes, Wraps, Braces, and Pads 3
2 Facility Design for Taping, Wrapping, Bracing, and Padding 34
Part Two Injuries and Conditions of the Lower Body
3 Foot and Toes 45
4 Ankle 95
5 Lower Leg 136
6 Knee 159
7 Thigh, Hip, and Pelvis 205
Part Three Injuries and Conditions of the Upper Body, Thorax, Abdomen, and Spine
8 Shoulder and Upper Arm 241
9 Elbow and Forearm 277
10 Wrist 319
11 Hand, Fingers, and Thumb 356
12 Thorax, Abdomen, and Spine 396
Part Four Protective Equipment
13 Protective Equipment and Padding 427
Appendix A Kinesio® Taping 455
Glossary 473
Index 479
Part One Introduction
1 Tapes, Wraps, Braces, and Pads 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3
Tapes 7
Types 7
Objectives of Taping 8
Recommendations for Tape Application 8
Wraps 15
Types 15
Objectives of Wrapping 16
Recommendations for Wrap Application 16
Braces 18
Types 18
Objectives of Bracing 20
Recommendations for Brace Application 20
Care of Braces 21
Pads 21
Types 21
Resilience 22
Objectives of Padding 23
Recommendations for Pad Application 23
Sticking Points 29
Tapes 29
Wraps 30
Braces 30
Pads 30
WRAP-UP 31
WEB REFERENCES 32
FURTHER READING 32
REFERENCES 33
2 Facility Design for Taping, Wrapping,
Bracing, and Padding 34
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 34
Tables/Benches 35
Storage 36
Tape 36
Wraps 37
Braces 37
Pads 37
Seating 37
Floors 37
Walls 38
Ceiling 38
Electrical 38
Plumbing 39
Ventilation 39
Lighting 39
WRAP-UP 41
WEB REFERENCES 41
REFERENCES 41
Part Two Injuries and Conditions of
the Lower Body
3 Foot and Toes 45
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 45
Injuries and Conditions 45
Contusions 45
Sprains 45
Strains 46
Fractures 46
Overuse 46
Blisters 47
Taping Techniques 48
Circular arch 48
“X” arch 49
Loop arch 52
Weave arch 53
Anchor variation to the “X,” loop, and weave arch techniques 56
Low-Dye 56
Plantar fascia strap 59
Buddy tape 62
Toe strips 63
Toe spica 68
Turf toe strap 68
Elastic material 70
Wrapping Techniques 71
Foot and ankle compression wrap 72
Bracing Techniques 74
Orthotics 74
Soft orthotics 74
Heel cups 74
Soft insoles 75
Semirigid orthotics 75
Rigid orthotics 76
Off-the-shelf night splints 78
Custom-made night splints 79
Walking boot 80
Cast boot 81
Postoperative shoe 82
Padding Techniques 82
Longitudinal arch 83
Donut pads 84
Heel pads 85
Metatarsal bar 86
Tear drop 87
Oval 88
“J” 89
Toe wedge 90
WRAP-UP 91
WEB REFERENCES 92
FURTHER READING 92
REFERENCES 92
4 Ankle 95
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 95
Injuries and Conditions 95
Sprains 95
Fractures 95
Blisters 96
Taping Techniques 97
Closed basketweave 97
Elastic 109
Spartan Slipper 111
Subtalar sling 113
Spatting 115
Posterior splint 116
Wrapping Techniques 117
Foot and ankle compression wrap 117
Foot and ankle compression sleeve 118
Soft cast 119
Cloth wrap 120
Bracing Techniques 122
Lace-up 122
Semirigid 124
Air/gel bladder 126
Wrap 128
Walking boot 131
Padding Techniques 131
Horseshoe pad 131
Donut pads 132
Achilles tendon strips 132
WRAP-UP
134
WEB REFERENCES 134
REFERENCES 134
5 Lower Leg 136
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 136
Injuries and Conditions 136
Contusions 136
Strains 136
Ruptures 138
Overuse 138
Taping Techniques 139
Achilles tendon 139
Dorsal bridge 144
Peroneal tendon 145
Posterior splint 146
Cast tape 146
Circular, “X,” loop, and weave arch 146
Low-Dye 146
Wrapping Techniques 147
Foot, ankle, and lower leg compression wrap 147
Lower leg compression wrap 147
Lower leg compression sleeve 149
Bracing Techniques 150
Walking boot 150
Orthotics 150
Neoprene sleeve 150
Ankle braces 152
Padding Techniques 153
Off-the-shelf 153
Custom-made 154
Heel lift 155
Longitudinal arch 155
Mandatory padding 155
WRAP-UP
157
WEB REFERENCES 157
REFERENCES 157
6 Knee 159
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 159
Injuries and Conditions 159
Contusions 159
Sprains 159
Meniscal Tears 160
Medial Plica Syndrome 161
Anterior Knee Pain 161
Nerve Contusion 162
Fractures 162
Dislocations/Subluxations 162
Bursitis 162
Overuse 162
Taping Techniques 164
McConnell taping 164
Hyperextension 167
Collateral “X” 170
Patellar tendon strap 170
Wrapping Techniques 174
Knee compression wrap 174
Foot, ankle, lower leg, and knee compression wrap 175
Knee compression sleeve 176
Bracing Techniques 177
Prophylactic 177
Rehabilitative 180
Functional 184
Neoprene sleeve 189
Neoprene sleeve with hinged bars 190
Contents
Contents
Neoprene sleeve with buttress 192
Patellar tendon strap 196
Orthotics 197
Padding Techniques 198
Off-the-shelf 198
Compression wrap pad 200
Heel lift 201
Donut pads 201
Mandatory padding 201
WRAP-UP 203
WEB REFERENCES 203
REFERENCES 203
7 Thigh, Hip, and Pelvis 205
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 205
Injuries and Conditions 205
Contusions 205
Strains 205
Overuse 206
Taping Techniques 208
Circular thigh 208
Hip pointer tape 210
Wrapping Techniques 212
Thigh compression wrap 212
Foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, and thigh compression wrap 214
Thigh compression sleeve 215
Quadriceps strain wrap 215
Hamstrings strain wrap 217
Adductor strain wrap 219
Hip flexor strain wrap 222
Hip pointer wrap 224
Bracing Techniques 225
Neoprene sleeve 226
Neoprene shorts 227
Thigh, hip, and pelvis combination braces 228
Orthotics 230
Padding Techniques 231
Off-the-shelf 231
Custom-made 233
Mandatory padding 234
WRAP-UP 236
WEB REFERENCES 236
REFERENCES 236
Part Three Injuries and Conditions of
the Upper Body, Thorax,
Abdomen, and Spine
8 Shoulder and Upper Arm 241
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 241
Injuries and Conditions 241
Contusions 241
Sprains 241
Dislocations/Subluxations 243
Fractures 244
Strains 244
Ruptures 244
Overuse 244
Taping Techniques 244
Circular upper arm 244
Shoulder pointer/AC joint sprain tape 246
Wrapping Techniques 247
Upper arm compression wrap 247
Forearm, elbow, and upper arm compression wrap 249
Upper arm compression sleeve 250
Circular upper arm wrap 251
Shoulder spica 252
4 S (spica, sling, swathe, and support) wrap 254
Figure-of-eight wrap 256
Swathe wrap 258
Bracing Techniques 259
Slings and immobilizers 259
Off-the-shelf shoulder stabilizers 263
Custom-made shoulder stabilizer 266
Clavicle brace 268
Padding Techniques 269
Off-the-shelf 269
Custom-made 273
Mandatory padding 273
WRAP-UP 275
WEB REFERENCES 275
REFERENCES 275
9 Elbow and Forearm 277
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 277
Injuries and Conditions 277
Contusions 277
Sprains 277
Strains 278
Ruptures 278
Dislocations 278
Fractures 279
Bursitis 279
Overuse 279
Abrasions 280
Taping Techniques 280
Hyperextension 280
Lateral epicondylitis strap 284
Circular forearm 286
Figure-of-eight elbow tape 287
Posterior splint 287
Wrapping Techniques 289
Elbow compression wrap 289
Forearm compression wrap 291
Hand, wrist, and forearm compression wrap 293
Forearm, elbow, and upper arm compression wrap 294
Elbow and forearm compression sleeve 294
Circular elbow wrap 295
Circular forearm wrap 297
Bracing Techniques 298
Rehabilitative 299
Functional 301
Neoprene sleeve with hinged bars 304
Epicondylitis strap 306
Neoprene sleeve 310
Slings 310
Padding Techniques 311
Off-the-shelf 311
Compression wrap pad 313
Custom-made 314
Mandatory padding 314
WRAP-UP 316
WEB REFERENCES 316
REFERENCES 316
10 Wrist 319
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 319
Injuries and Conditions 319
Contusions 319
Sprains 319
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) 319
Fractures 320
Dislocations 320
Ganglion Cysts 320
Overuse 320
Taping Techniques 322
Circular wrist 322
Figure-of-eight tape 324
Fan tape 325
Strip tape 328
“X” tape 332
Wrist semirigid cast 335
Posterior splint 338
Wrapping Techniques 340
Hand and wrist compression wrap 340
Figure-of-eight wrap 342
Bracing Techniques 344
Prophylactic 344
Rehabilitative 346
Functional 348
Custom-made 349
Slings 351
Padding Techniques 351
Cast padding 351
Custom-made 352
Donut pads 352
WRAP-UP 354
WEB REFERENCES 354
REFERENCES 354
11 Hand, Fingers, and Thumb 356
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 356
Injuries and Conditions 356
Contusions 356
Sprains 356
Dislocations 357
Fractures 357
Tendon Ruptures 357
Blisters 357
Taping Techniques 359
Buddy tape 359
“X” tape 361
Elastic material 362
Thumb spica 365
Thumb spica semirigid cast 372
Figure-of-eight tape 375
Wrapping Techniques 375
Hand and wrist compression wrap 375
Finger sleeves 376
Boxer’s wrap 377
Figure-of-eight wrap 379
Bracing Techniques 379
Hand braces 380
Finger braces 382
Thumb braces 385
Padding Techniques 388
Boxer’s wrap 388
Foam pads 390
Cast padding 391
Compression wrap pad 392
Mandatory padding 393
WRAP-UP 394
WEB REFERENCES 394
REFERENCES 394
12 Thorax, Abdomen, and Spine 396
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 396
Injuries and Conditions 396
Contusions 396
Sprains 398
Strains 398
Fractures 399
Costochondral Injury 400
Brachial Plexus Injury 400
Overuse 400
Taping Techniques 401
Contusion/fracture tape 401
Wrapping Techniques 402
Thorax and abdomen compression wrap 402
Circular wrap 404
Swathe rib wrap 405
Bracing Techniques 406
Rib belts 406
Lumbar sacral brace 407
Cervical collar 410
Slings 415
Padding Techniques 416
Off-the-shelf 416
Custom-made 420
Mandatory padding 421
WRAP-UP 422
WEB REFERENCES 422
REFERENCES 423
Part Four Protective Equipment
13 Protective Equipment and Padding 427
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 427
Liability Issues Surrounding Protective Equipment 427
Standards and Testing 428
Football Helmets 429
Baseball and Softball Batter’s Helmets 429
Baseball and Softball Catcher’s Helmets with Face Guards 429
Lacrosse Helmets with Face Guards 429
Ice Hockey Helmets 430
Protective Equipment and Padding 430
Baseball 431
Field Hockey 432
Football 433
Ice Hockey 438
Lacrosse 441
Soccer 442
Softball 443
Wrestling 444
Eye Guards 444
Mouth Guards 446
WRAP-UP450
WEB REFERENCES 451
REFERENCES 452
Appendix A Kinesio® Taping 455
Glossary 473
Index 479