Essentials for Practice
Nursing Science and Theory: Scientific
Underpinnings for Practice
Carole R. Eldridge, DNP, RN, CNE, NEA-BC
Nursing Science
What Is Nursing Science?
How Nursing Science Differs from Medical Science
Scientific Foundations of Nursing Practice
Philosophical Foundation
Ethical Knowledge
Historical Knowledge
Biophysical and Psychosocial Knowledge
Analytical Knowledge
Organizational Knowledge
Nursing Theory
Nursing Theory–Guided Practice Shared Theory
Developing Middle-Range Theories and Concepts to Guide Practice
Nursing Theories
Florence Nightingale’s Philosophy
Peplau’s Interpersonal Model
Virginia Henderson’s Definition of Nursing
Hall’s Care, Core, and Cure Model
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing
Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Model
Abdellah’s Problem-Solving Approach
Roy’s Adaptation Model
Levine’s Conservation Model
Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings
Neuman’s Systems Model
King’s Interacting Systems Framework and Middle-Range Theory of Goal Attainment
Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
Paterson and Zderad’s Humanistic Nursing Theory
Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
Parse’s Human Becoming School of Thought
Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer: Nursing as Caring
Conceptual Models for Transcultural Nursing
Core Themes of Nursing Theory
References
Systems Thinking, Healthcare Organizations, and the Advanced Practice Nurse Leader
Sandra Petersen, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, GNP-BC, PMHNP-BE, FAANP
Introduction
Systems Thinking: Dealing with Complexity and Chaos
Vision and Perspective: Keys to the Future of Advanced Practice
The Advanced Practice Path to Healthcare Solutions
Systems Thinking and Advanced Practice
Adopting a Systems Perspective
The Essence of Problem Solving
Systems Thinking, Advanced Practice, and the Learning Organization
The Downside to Systems Thinking
A Challenge to Advanced Practice Leaders: Operationalizing Systems Thinking
The Learning Organization and the Inquiring Mind: Sustaining the Effort
Summary: The DNP Systems Thinker
References
Clinical Scholarship and Evidence-Based Practice
Catherine Tymkow, DNP, MS, APN, WHNP-BC
What Is Clinical Scholarship?
Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Scholarship: Are They the Same?
What Is the Role of the Doctor of Nursing Practice in Clinical Scholarship?
Translating Research in Practice
Understanding, Distinguishing, and Evaluating Types of Research Evidence
Determining and Implementing the Best Evidence for Practice
Quality Improvement and Patient-Centered Care
Conceptual Frameworks for Evidence and Practice Change
Designing and Implementing Processes to Evaluate Outcomes of Practice and Systems
of Care
Quality Improvement Initiatives to Promote Safe, Timely, Effective, Efficient, Equitable,
and Patient-Centered Care
Using Practice Guidelines to Improve Practice and the Practice Environment
Evaluation of Practice
Using Benchmarks to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes and Trends
Database Design to Generate Meaningful Evidence for Nursing Practice
Information Technology, Databases, and Evidence for Practice
Collecting Appropriate and Accurate Data
Analyzing Data from Clinical Practice
Designing Evidence-Based Interventions
Predicting and Analyzing Outcomes
Participation in Collaborative Research
Disseminating Findings from Evidence-Based Practice
Preparing a Journal Publication
Preparing a Research Presentation
Preparing a Poster Presentation
Media Communications
Journal Club Presentations
Summary
References
Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Health Care
Robin R. Austin, PhD, DNP, DC, RN-BC and Anne E. LaFlamme, DNP, RN
Introduction
What Is Informatics?
Nursing Informatics
Model for NI Framework
Nursing Terminologies and Standards
Nursing Informatics and Big Data
Nursing Informatics Specialty
Consumer Health Informatics
Personal Health Records
Telehealth
Mobile Health
Internet of Things and Quantified Self Movement
Transformation of Health Care
Quality, Patient Safety, and Informatics
The APRN’s Role in Informatics
Conclusion
References
Healthcare Policy for Advocacy in Health
Care
Angela Mund, DNP, CRNA
Introduction
History of the Relationship Between Nursing and Policy Making
Influencing the Health Policy Agenda
The Process of Legislation
The Process of Regulation
Professional Organizations, Grassroots Lobbying, and Coalition Building
Healthcare Reform
Long-Standing Policy Goals
Nursing Workforce Development
Reimbursement
State Nurse Practice Acts and Scope of Practice
Integration of Policy with Ethics, Research, and Education
Ethics and Policy Making
Research and Policy Making
Education, Practice, and Policy Making
Phases of Policy Involvement
Conclusion
References
Appendix 5-1 Glossary
Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health
Laurel Ash, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC and Catherine Miller, DNP, RN, CNP
Background
Improving Health Outcomes
Care Improvement Efforts
Interprofessional Collaboration
Interprofessional Healthcare Teams
Benefits of Collaboration
An Interprofessional Model Among Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and MDs
Barriers to and Drivers of Effective Collaboration in Interprofessional Healthcare Teams
Barriers
Drivers
Shared Purpose
Team Members and Reciprocal Trust
Recognition and Value of Each Team Member
Functioning at the Highest Level
Clear Understanding of Roles and Responsibilities
Work Culture That Embraces Collaboration
Collective Cognitive Responsibility and Shared Decision Making
Necessities for Collaboration
Change Agent: Lewin’s Model
Continuous Reflective Learning
The Patient and Family as Interprofessional Team Members
Models for Implementation: From Project to Practice
Value of Incorporating Collaborative Work into Educational Preparation Curricula
Role of the Scholarly Project: Real Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving the Nation’s Health
Diane Schadewald, DNP, MSN, RN, FNP-BC, WHNP-BC and Jeanne Pfeiffer, DNP, MPH,
RN, CIC, FAAN
Introduction
Background of the Development of the Seventh Essential
Terminology Used for This Essential
Educational Focus for the Essential
Analysis of Data
Nursing’s Use of Data Analysis Historically
Data Analysis and the DNP
Psychosocial Dimensions and Cultural Diversity in Clinical Prevention and Population Health
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Use of Psychosocial Dimensions
APRNs and Cultural Competence
Role of the DNP in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
DNP-Level Synthesis of Psychosocial Dimensions and Cultural Diversity
Focus of DNPs’ Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Interventions
Evaluate Care Delivery Models
The Role of the DNP Regarding Evaluation of Care Delivery Models
Conclusions
Future Roles for DNPs in Clinical Prevention and Population Health
DNP Outcome Potentials Related to Improving the Nation’s Health
References
Doctor of Nursing Practice Roles
Traditional Advanced Practice Roles for the
DNP
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Roberta L. Huna Wagner, DNP, APRN, AGCNS-BC and Mary E. Zaccagnini, DNP,
APRN, ACNS-BC
History
Educational Preparation
Certification
Core Competencies
The Role and Scope of Practice
The Future of CNS Practice
Regulatory Challenges
The Future Role of the CNS and the DNP Degree
References
Nurse Practitioner
Denise R. Felsenstein, DNP, RN, CRNP, WHNP-BC
Institute of Medicine Recommendations
Birth of a Movement
Educational Requirements and Specialty Areas
Core Competencies
Certification, Licensure, and Credentialing
Accreditation
Scope of Practice
Role of the DNP Nurse Practitioner
Summary
References
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
Garrett J. Peterson, DNP, APRN, CRNA
History
First-Known Anesthetic Documentation by Nurses
Sharing the Skill of Anesthesia Administration
Nurse Anesthetists in World War I and Beyond
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
Nurse Anesthesia Education Programs
Accreditation of Educational Programs: Council on Accreditation
Academic Curriculum Requirements
Certification and Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists
Scope and Standards of Practice for Nurse Anesthetists
Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice
Clinical Practice Outside the Operating Room
CRNA Scholarship
References
Nurse–Midwife
Deborah Ringdahl, DNP, RN, CNM and Melissa Saftner, PhD, CNM
Nurse–Midwifery Practice
History
Professional Organization
Education and Certification
Scope of Practice
The DNP-Prepared Midwife
Maternal–Child Health Public Policy
Quality Measures and Data Collection
Safeguarding the Normalcy of Women’s Life Cycle Events
Cultural Competency
Midwifery Standards and Safe Motherhood
Healthcare Business Acumen
Healthcare Reform
Conclusion
References
Emerging Roles for the DNP
Nurse Educator
Judith M. Pechacek, DNP, RN, CENP
Faculty Development Programs
Nursing Education Practicum
Graduate Teaching Assistant
New Nurse Educator Mentoring Programs
Online Learning
Peer Review
References
Nurse Administrator
Change Theory
Leadership Style
Evidence-Based Management Practices
Collaboration
Conclusion
References
Public Health Nurse
Carol Flaten, DNP, RN, PHN and Jeanne Pfeiffer, DNP, MPH, RN, CIC, FAAN
Public Health Nurse: A Definition
History of Public Health Nursing
Foundational Principles of Public Health Nursing
Public Health Nursing National Organizational Framework
National Public Health Performance Standards Program
Theoretical Framework for Nursing Practice in Public Health
Educational Preparation and Credentialing
Roles of Advanced Practice PHNs
Practice Sites
Evidence-Based Practice in Population-Based Public Health Nursing
The Doctor of Nursing Practice–Prepared Public Health Nurse as Leader
References
Nurse Entrepreneur
Timothy F. Gardner, DNP, FNP – BC
Definitions
Background
The Relationship of Entrepreneurship and the DNP Degree
Business and Practice Management
Practice Start-Up, Closure, and Credentialing
Organizational Systems Leadership and Collaboration
Healthcare Policy and Legislative Issues
Relevance and Opportunities of DNP-Prepared Individuals in the Current Marketplace
Current and Future Trends
Biosketches of Select Successful DNP Entrepreneurs
Margaret A. Fitzgerald, DNP, FNP–BC, NP–C, FAANP, CSP, FAAN, DCC, FNAP
References
Integrative Practitioner
Joy Elwell, DNP, FNP-BC, APRN, CNE, FAAN, FAANP
Nurses as Integrative Practitioners
Types of Integrative Healing Modalities
Whole Medical Systems
Manipulative Modalities
Mind–Body Medicine
Biologically Based Practices
Energy Medicine
The DNP as Integrative Practitioner: Unique Aspects of DNP Preparation
References
Nurse Informaticist
Sandra L. McPherson, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS
Curriculum/Preparation
Certification
Project Management
Hybrid Health Records
Theoretical Supports for Nursing Informatics
Future
References
The Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project
A Template for the DNP Project
Mary E. Zaccagnini, DNP, APRN, ACNS-BC and Judith M. Pechacek, DNP, RN, CENP
Nature of the Project
Structure of the Project
The Project
Getting Started
Step I: Problem Recognition
Step II: Needs Assessment
Step III: Goals, Objectives, and Mission Statement Development
Step IV: Theoretical Underpinnings of the Project
Step V: Work Planning
Step VI: Planning for Evaluation
Step VII: Implementation
Step VIII: Interpretation of the Data
Step IX: Utilization and Reporting of Results
Conclusion
References